Calibration and energy measurement of optically levitated nanoparticle sensors.

Optically levitated nanoparticles offer enormous potential for precision sensing. However, as for any other metrology device, the absolute measurement performance of a levitated-particle sensor is limited by the accuracy of the calibration relating the measured signal to an absolute displacement of the particle. Here, we suggest and demonstrate calibration protocols for levitated-nanoparticle sensors. Our calibration procedures include the treatment of anharmonicities in the trapping potential, as well as a protocol using a harmonic driving force, which is applicable if the sensor is coupled to a heat bath of unknown temperature. Finally, using the calibration, we determine the center-of-mass temperature of an optically levitated particle in thermal equilibrium from its motion and discuss the optimal measurement time required to determine the said temperature.

• Publication year

  2017

• Venue

  Review of Scientific Instruments

• Publication date

  2017-11-24

• Fields of study

  Materials Science, Physics, Medicine, Engineering

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1063/1.5017119arXiv 1711.09049PMID 29604723
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Direct measurement of Kramers turnover with a levitated nanoparticle.

  2017cited by this paper
• Colloidal heat engines: a review.

  2017cited by this paper
• Controlling the net charge on a nanoparticle optically levitated in vacuum

  2017cited by this paper
• Single-beam dielectric-microsphere trapping with optical heterodyne detection

  2017cited by this paper
• Quantum correlations from a room-temperature optomechanical cavity

  2017cited by this paper
• Direct Measurement of Photon Recoil from a Levitated Nanoparticle.

  2016cited by this paper
• Parametric feedback cooling of levitated optomechanics in a parabolic mirror trap

  2016cited by this paper
• Zeptonewton force sensing with nanospheres in an optical lattice

  2016cited by this paper
• The Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger

  2016cited by this paper
• Attonewton force detection using microspheres in a dual-beam optical trap in high vacuum

  2015cited by this paper
• Nonlinear Dynamics and Strong Cavity Cooling of Levitated Nanoparticles.

  2015cited by this paper
• Dynamics of optically levitated nanoparticles in high vacuum

  2015cited by this paper
• Cavity cooling a single charged levitated nanosphere.

  2014cited by this paper
• Dynamic relaxation of a levitated nanoparticle from a non-equilibrium steady state.

  2014cited by this paper
• Brownian Carnot engine

  2014cited by this paper
• Search for millicharged particles using optically levitated microspheres.

  2014cited by this paper
• Nanoscale temperature measurements using non-equilibrium Brownian dynamics of a levitated nanosphere.

  2013cited by this paper
• Thermal nonlinearities in a nanomechanical oscillator

  2013cited by this paper
• Cavity cooling of an optically levitated submicron particle

  2013cited by this paper
• A general procedure for thermomechanical calibration of nano/micro-mechanical resonators

  2013cited by this paper
• Fundamental Tests of Physics with Optically Trapped Microspheres

  2012cited by this paper
• Subkelvin parametric feedback cooling of a laser-trapped nanoparticle.

  2012cited by this paper
• Experimental verification of Landauer’s principle linking information and thermodynamics

  2012cited by this paper
• Shot-noise-limited monitoring and phase locking of the motion of a single trapped ion.

  2012cited by this paper
• Microwave cavity-enhanced transduction for plug and play nanomechanics at room temperature

  2011cited by this paper
• Millikelvin cooling of an optically trapped microsphere in vacuum

  2011cited by this paper
• Measurement of the Instantaneous Velocity of a Brownian Particle

  2010cited by this paper
• High-sensitivity monitoring of micromechanical vibration using optical whispering gallery mode resonators

  2008cited by this paper
• Power spectrum analysis for optical tweezers

  2004cited by this paper
• Optical trapping.

  2004cited by this paper
• Optical trapping and manipulation of neutral particles using lasers.

  1997cited by this paper
• Calibration of atomic‐force microscope tips

  1993cited by this paper
• Motion of a spherical particle in a rarefied gas. Part 2. Drag and thermal polarization

  1990cited by this paper
• Feedback stabilization of optically levitated particles

  1977cited by this paper
• Statistics of atomic frequency standards

  1966cited by this paper

• Free expansion of a charged nanoparticle via electrostatic compensation

  2025cites this paper
• Fermat's Spiral-Based Characterization of Squeezed Nonlinear Motional States of Levitated Nanoparticle

  2025cites this paper
• Trapping and cooling of nanodiamonds in a Paul trap under ultra-high vacuum: Towards matter-wave interferometry with massive objects

  2025cites this paper
• Optical Interferometric Readout of a Magnetically Levitated Superconducting Microsphere

  2025cites this paper
• Cooling of an Optically Levitated Nanoparticle via Measurement-Free Coherent Feedback.

  2025cites this paper
• Feedback cooling scheme for an optically levitated oscillator with controlled crosstalk.

  2025cites this paper
• Wavefront Shaping of Scattering Forces Enhances Optical Trapping of Levitated Nanoparticles

  2025cites this paper
• Quantum squeezing of a levitated nanomechanical oscillator.

  2025cites this paper
• Traceable measurement of piconewton forces with optically levitated microspheres

  2025cites this paper
• Shape measurement and rapid identification of levitated nanoparticles based on scattering

  2025cites this paper
• Internal Temperature Measurement of Optically Levitated Particles in Vacuum by Raman Thermometry

  2025cites this paper
• Optically levitated nanoparticles as receiving antennas for low frequency wireless communication

  2024cites this paper
• Dark matter searches with levitated sensors

  2024cites this paper
• Investigating and Controlling the Libration and Rotation Dynamics of Nanoparticles in an Optomechanical System

  2024cites this paper
• From Photon Momentum Transfer to Accelerometer Based on Optical Levitated Microsphere at Dynamic Input from 0.1 μg to 1 g

  2024cites this paper
• Accurate, Fast, and Non-Destructive Net Charge Measurement of Levitated Nanoresonators Based on Maxwell Speed Distribution Law

  2024cites this paper
• Stabilizing nanoparticles in the intensity minimum: feedback levitation on an inverted potential.

  2024cites this paper
• From photon momentum transfer to acceleration sensing

  2024cites this paper
• Cooling of Thermal Motion of Levitated Optically Coupled Nanoparticles

  2024cites this paper
• Mass measurement under medium vacuum in optically levitated nanoparticles based on Maxwell speed distribution law.

  2024cites this paper
• Nanomechanical state amplifier based on optical inverted pendulum

  2024cites this paper
• Nanoparticle Stored with an Atomic Ion in a Linear Paul Trap.

  2024cites this paper
• Feedback cooling a levitated nanoparticle's libration to below 100 phonons

  2024cites this paper
• All-electrical cooling of an optically levitated nanoparticle

  2024cites this paper
• Nanoscale feedback control of six degrees of freedom of a near-sphere

  2023cites this paper
• State Expansion of a Levitated Nanoparticle in a Dark Harmonic Potential.

  2023cites this paper
• Hybrid Paul-optical trap with large optical access for levitated optomechanics

  2023cites this paper
• High Precision Measurement of Electric Field at the Nanoscale in Optomechanical Systems

  2023cites this paper
• Displacement Calibration of Optical Tweezers With Gravitational Acceleration

  2023cites this paper
• Perturbative nonlinear feedback forces for optical levitation experiments

  2023cites this paper
• Determining the internal temperature of an optically levitated nanoparticle in vacuum by doped- <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Er</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:math> -ion luminescence

  2023cites this paper
• 悬浮光力传感技术研究进展（特邀）

  2023cites this paper
• Simulations and theory of power spectral density functions for time-dependent and anharmonic Langevin oscillators.

  2023cites this paper
• Feedback cooling the fundamental torsional mechanical mode of a tapered optical fiber to 30 mK

  2023cites this paper
• Giant Diffusion of Nanomechanical Rotors in a Tilted Washboard Potential.

  2022cites this paper
• Hot Brownian Motion of Optically Levitated Nanodiamonds

  2022cites this paper
• Displacement Calibration of Optical Tweezers with Absolute Gravitational Acceleration

  2022cites this paper
• Dynamics of Optically-Trapped High-Aspect-Ratio β-NaYF Hexagonal Prisms-Towards kHz-MHz Gravitational Wave Searches

  2022cites this paper
• Optical Trapping of High-Aspect-Ratio NaYF Hexagonal Prisms for kHz-MHz Gravitational Wave Detectors.

  2022cites this paper
• Scalable all-optical cold damping of levitated nanoparticles

  2022cites this paper
• Optimal cooling of multiple levitated particles: Theory of far-field wavefront shaping

  2022cites this paper
• Medium vacuum feasible displacement calibration of an optically levitated Duffing nonlinear oscillator

  2022cites this paper
• 3D sympathetic cooling and detection of levitated nanoparticles

  2022influential citation
• Bayesian Estimation of Experimental Parameters in Stochastic Inertial Systems: Theory, Simulations, and Experiments with Objects Levitated in Vacuum

  2022cites this paper
• Probing the screening of the Casimir interaction with optical tweezers

  2021cites this paper
• Kovacs Memory Effect with an Optically Levitated Nanoparticle.

  2021cites this paper
• Levitodynamics: Levitation and control of microscopic objects in vacuum

  2021cites this paper
• Performance and limits of feedback cooling methods for levitated oscillators: A direct comparison

  2021cites this paper
• Quantum control of a nanoparticle optically levitated in cryogenic free space

  2021cites this paper
• Force detection sensitivity spectrum calibration of levitated nanomechanical sensor using harmonic coulomb force

  2021cites this paper
• Precision Calibration of the Duffing Oscillator with Phase Control.

  2021cites this paper
• Position Measurement of a Levitated Nanoparticle via Interference with Its Mirror Image.

  2021cites this paper
• Lens-Free Optical Detection of Thermal Motion of a Submillimeter Sphere Diamagnetically Levitated in High Vacuum

  2021cites this paper
• Optimal Cooling of Multiple Levitated Particles through Far-Field Wavefront Shaping.

  2021cites this paper
• Optical Tweezers: A Comprehensive Tutorial from Calibration to Applications

  2020cites this paper
• Real-time optimal quantum control of mechanical motion at room temperature

  2020cites this paper
• Escape dynamics of active particles in multistable potentials

  2020cites this paper
• Weighing an Optically Trapped Microsphere in Thermal Equilibrium With Air

  2020cites this paper
• Using the transient trajectories of an optically levitated nanoparticle to characterize a stochastic Duffing oscillator

  2020cites this paper
• Optical and electrical feedback cooling of a silica nanoparticle levitated in a Paul trap

  2020cites this paper
• Optically levitated rotor at its thermal limit of frequency stability

  2020cites this paper
• Detecting Nonclassical Correlations in Levitated Cavity Optomechanics

  2020cites this paper
• Vacuum optomechanics of optically levitated objects: determination of nonlinear properties of the optical trap

  2020cites this paper
• Robust Optical-Levitation-Based Metrology of Nanoparticle's Position and Mass.

  2020cites this paper
• Sub-Kelvin Feedback Cooling and Heating Dynamics of an Optically Levitated Librator.

  2020cites this paper
• Ultranarrow-linewidth levitated nano-oscillator for testing dissipative wave-function collapse

  2019cites this paper
• Resolved-Sideband Cooling of a Levitated Nanoparticle in the Presence of Laser Phase Noise.

  2019cites this paper
• Room temperature test of the continuous spontaneous localization model using a levitated micro-oscillator

  2019cites this paper
• PARAMETRIC FEEDBACK COOLING OF SILICA NANOSPHERES IN A HYBRID TRAPPING POTENTIAL

  2019cites this paper
• Spectral analysis and parameter estimation in levitated optomechanics

  2019cites this paper
• Thermally Limited Force Microscopy on Optically Trapped Single Metallic Nanoparticles

  2019cites this paper
• Characterisation of a charged particle levitated nano-oscillator

  2019cites this paper
• Laser cooling of secular motion of a nanoparticle levitated in a Paul trap for ion-assisted optomechanics

  2019cites this paper
• Manipulating a charged nanoparticle in a Paul trap for ion-assisted levitated optomechanics

  2019cites this paper
• Motional Sideband Asymmetry of a Nanoparticle Optically Levitated in Free Space.

  2019cites this paper
• Optomechanics with levitated particles

  2019cites this paper
• Room temperature test of wave-function collapse using a levitated micro-oscillator

  2019cites this paper
• Cold Damping of an Optically Levitated Nanoparticle to Microkelvin Temperatures.

  2018cites this paper
• Cavity-Based 3D Cooling of a Levitated Nanoparticle via Coherent Scattering.

  2018cites this paper
• Accurate Mass Measurement of a Levitated Nanomechanical Resonator for Precision Force-Sensing.

  2018cites this paper
• Levitated Nanoparticles for Microscopic Thermodynamics—A Review

  2018cites this paper
• Electric feedback cooling of single charged nanoparticles in an optical trap

  2018cites this paper
• Sensing Static Forces with Free-Falling Nanoparticles.

  2017cites this paper