Therapist variation within randomised trials of psychotherapy: implications for precision, internal and external validity

No abstract is available for this paper.

• Publication year

  2010

• Venue

  Statistical Methods in Medical Research

• Publication date

  2010-06-01

• Fields of study

  Medicine, Psychology

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1177/0962280209105017PMID 19608603
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Sample size formulae for trials comparing group and individual treatments in a multilevel model

  2008cited by this paper
• Extending the CONSORT statement to randomized trials of nonpharmacologic treatment: explanation and elaboration.

  2008cited by this paper
• Sample size calculation for cluster randomized cross‐over trials

  2008cited by this paper
• Therapist effects on outcome and alliance in inpatient psychotherapy.

  2008cited by this paper
• The consequences of “anchoring” in longitudinal multilevel models: bias in the estimation of patient variability and therapist effects

  2007cited by this paper
• Analysis of cluster randomized cross‐over trial data: a comparison of methods

  2007cited by this paper
• Therapist Effects in Outpatient Psychotherapy: A Three-Level Growth Curve Approach

  2007cited by this paper
• Untangling the alliance-outcome correlation: exploring the relative importance of therapist and patient variability in the alliance.

  2007cited by this paper
• Cognitive behavioral therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder in women: a randomized controlled trial.

  2007cited by this paper
• Misrepresentation in Wampold and Bolt's critique of Elkin, Falconnier, Martinovich, and Mahoney's study of therapist effects.

  2007cited by this paper
• Comparative outcome evaluations of psychotherapies: Guidelines for addressing eight limitations of the gold standard of causal inference.

  2007cited by this paper
• Models and meanings: Therapist effects and the stories we tell

  2006cited by this paper
• Psychiatrist effects in the psychopharmacological treatment of depression.

  2006cited by this paper
• Rejoinder to commentaries by Stephen Soldz and Paul Crits-Christoph on therapist effects

  2006cited by this paper
• Telephone administered cognitive behaviour therapy for treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder: randomised controlled non-inferiority trial

  2006cited by this paper
• An analysis of therapist treatment effects: toward providing feedback to individual therapists on their clients' psychotherapy outcome.

  2006cited by this paper
• Multilevel Statistical Models

  2006cited by this paper
• Therapist effects: Clever ways to make them (and everything else) disappear

  2006cited by this paper
• Therapist effects in the National Institute of Mental Health Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program and other psychotherapy studies

  2006cited by this paper
• Therapist effects in the National Institute of Mental Health Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program

  2006cited by this paper
• Therapist effects in psychotherapy: A random-effects modeling of the National Institute of Mental Health Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program data

  2006cited by this paper
• Multiple randomizations

  2006cited by this paper
• Nurse therapist trainee variability: the implications for selection and training.

  2006cited by this paper
• The use of random effects models to allow for clustering in individually randomized trials

  2005cited by this paper
• Estimating variability in outcomes attributable to therapists: a naturalistic study of outcomes in managed care.

  2005cited by this paper
• Need for expertise based randomised controlled trials

  2005cited by this paper
• Issues in the design of multisite clinical trials of psychotherapy: VA Cooperative Study No. 494 as an example.

  2005cited by this paper
• Clustering by health professional in individually randomised trials

  2005cited by this paper
• Design and analysis of clinical trials with clustering effects due to treatment

  2005cited by this paper
• Statistical evaluation of learning curve effects in surgical trials

  2004cited by this paper
• Pitfalls of and controversies in cluster randomization trials.

  2004cited by this paper
• Cognitive trauma therapy for battered women with PTSD (CTT-BW).

  2004cited by this paper
• Assumptions and consequences of treating providers in therapy studies as fixed versus random effects: reply to Crits-Christoph, Tu, and Gallop (2003) and Serlin, Wampold, and Levin (2003).

  2003cited by this paper
• Power and measures of effect size in analysis of variance with fixed versus random nested factors.

  2003cited by this paper
• Waiting for supershrink: an empirical analysis of therapist effects

  2003cited by this paper
• A controlled evaluation of cognitive behavioural therapy for posttraumatic stress in motor vehicle accident survivors.

  2003cited by this paper
• Should providers of treatment be regarded as a random factor? If it ain't broke, don't "fix" it: a comment on Siemer and Joormann (2003).

  2003cited by this paper
• Therapists as fixed versus random effects-some statistical and conceptual issues: a comment on Siemer and Joormann (2003).

  2003cited by this paper
• Statistical Principles in Experimental Design

  2003cited by this paper
• Clinical trials of behavioural interventions with heterogeneous teaching subgroup effects

  2002cited by this paper
• Treatment expectancies, patient alliance, and outcome: Further analyses from the NIMH Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research program.

  2002cited by this paper
• The Great Psychotherapy Debate: Models Methods and Findings

  2002cited by this paper
• Sample Size Estimation in Cluster Randomized Studies with Varying Cluster Size

  2001cited by this paper
• Contamination in trials: is cluster randomisation the answer?

  2001cited by this paper
• Design of Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study no. 420: group treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder.

  2001cited by this paper
• Design and Analysis of Cluster Randomization Trials in Health Research

  2001cited by this paper
• Multiple membership multiple classification (MMMC) models

  2001cited by this paper
• United Kingdom Alcohol Treatment Trial (UKATT): hypotheses, design and methods.

  2001cited by this paper
• Unequal cluster sizes for trials in English and Welsh general practice: implications for sample size calculations.

  2001cited by this paper
• WinBUGS - A Bayesian modelling framework: Concepts, structure, and extensibility

  2000cited by this paper
• Multilevel Models in the Study of Dynamic Household Structures

  2000cited by this paper
• The consequence of ignoring a nested factor on measures of effect size in analysis of variance.

  2000cited by this paper
• Randomised controlled trial comparing cost effectiveness of general practitioners and nurse practitioners in primary care

  2000cited by this paper
• A Major Dilemma in Psychotherapy Outcome Research: Disentangling Therapists From Therapies

  1999cited by this paper
• The implications of variation in outcome between health professionals for the design and analysis of randomized controlled trials.

  1999cited by this paper
• The Psychotherapist Matters: Comparison of Outcomes Across Twenty-Two Therapists and Seven Patient Samples

  1997cited by this paper
• The design and analysis of paired cluster randomized trials: an application of meta-analysis techniques.

  1997cited by this paper
• A treatment outcome study for sexually abused preschool children: initial findings.

  1996cited by this paper
• Statistical considerations in the design and analysis of community intervention trials.

  1996cited by this paper
• A COMPARISON OF POWER APPROXIMATIONS FOR SATTERTHWAITE'S TEST.

  1995cited by this paper
• Cognitive Therapy, Analytic Psychotherapy and Anxiety Management Training for Generalised Anxiety Disorder

  1994cited by this paper
• Behavioral treatment of generalized anxiety disorder

  1992cited by this paper
• Comparison of behavior therapy and cognitive behavior therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder.

  1991cited by this paper
• Implications of therapist effects for the design and analysis of comparative studies of psychotherapies.

  1991cited by this paper
• The Question of Therapists' Differential Effectiveness

  1989cited by this paper
• National Institute of Mental Health Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program. General effectiveness of treatments.

  1989cited by this paper
• The two-sample t test versus satterthwaite's approximate f test

  1989cited by this paper
• The Subject-by-Formulation Interaction as a Criterion of Interchangeability of Drugs

  1989cited by this paper
• The individual therapist's contribution to psychotherapy process and outcome

  1989cited by this paper
• Meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials.

  1989cited by this paper
• The clinical trial as a paradigm for epidemiologic research.

  1989cited by this paper
• Conceptual and methodological issues in comparative studies of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy, II: Nature and timing of treatment effects.

  1988cited by this paper
• Is the Counselor an “Active Ingredient” in Substance Abuse Rehabilitation?: An Examination of Treatment Success among Four Counselors

  1988cited by this paper
• Conceptual and methodological issues in comparative studies of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy, I: Active ingredients and mechanisms of change.

  1988cited by this paper
• Generalised anxiety: a controlled treatment study.

  1987cited by this paper
• Cognitive therapy vs behaviour therapy in the treatment of chronic general anxiety.

  1987cited by this paper
• The effects of relaxation training with cognitive or nondirective therapy and the role of relaxation-induced anxiety in the treatment of generalized anxiety.

  1987cited by this paper
• Do therapists vary much in their success? Findings from four outcome studies.

  1986cited by this paper
• Comparative outcome studies of psychotherapy: methodological issues and strategies.

  1986cited by this paper
• Therapy—therapist confounds in psychotherapy research

  1986cited by this paper
• NIMH Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program. Background and research plan.

  1985cited by this paper
• Therapist success and its determinants.

  1985cited by this paper
• Resurrection of uniformity assumption myths and the fallacy of statistical absolutes in psychotherapy research.

  1978cited by this paper
• The therapist-as-fixed-effect fallacy in psychotherapy research.

  1978cited by this paper
• Contribution of therapists to patients' experiences in psychotherapy: a components of variance model for analyzing process data.

  1976cited by this paper
• Applied Statistics: Analysis of Variance and Regression

  1976cited by this paper
• Supershrink: Methods of a therapist judged successful on the basis of adult outcomes of adolescent patients.

  1974cited by this paper
• Life History Research in Psychopathology, vol 1.

  1974cited by this paper
• Experimental Design: Procedures for the Behavioral Sciences

  1969cited by this paper
• Some myths of psychotherapy research and the search for a paradigm.

  1966cited by this paper
• [The personality of the psychotherapist].

  1950cited by this paper
• An approximate distribution of estimates of variance components.

  1946cited by this paper
• An approximate distribution of estimates of variance components.

  1946cited by this paper

• Orthogonal factorial designs for trials of therapist-delivered interventions: Randomising intervention-therapist combinations to patients

  2026influential citation
• Transformer-Based Language Models for Group Randomized Trial Classification in Biomedical Literature: Model Development and Validation

  2025cites this paper
• Psychiatrists effect on positive symptom severity and daily functioning during pharmacotherapy for first-episode psychosis patients

  2024cites this paper
• Clinical and cost-effectiveness of DREAMS START (Dementia RElAted Manual for Sleep; STrAtegies for RelaTives) for people living with dementia and their carers: a study protocol for a parallel multicentre randomised controlled trial

  2024cites this paper
• Evaluating analytic models for individually randomized group treatment trials with complex clustering in nested and crossed designs

  2024cites this paper
• Performance of mixed effects models and generalized estimating equations for continuous outcomes in partially clustered trials including both independent and paired data

  2024cites this paper
• Partially Nested Designs in Social Work Research: Principles and Practices

  2023cites this paper
• Partially clustered designs for clinical trials: Unifying existing designs using consistent terminology

  2023cites this paper
• Sample size for partially nested designs and other nested or crossed designs with a continuous outcome when adjusted for baseline

  2023cites this paper
• Implementation Research at NHLBI: Methodological and Design Challenges and Lessons Learned from the DECIPHeR Initiative.

  2023cites this paper
• A randomised controlled trial of clinical and cost-effectiveness of the PASS Plus intervention for young children with autism spectrum disorder in New Delhi, India: study protocol for the COMPASS trial

  2023cites this paper
• Efficacy of Acupuncture Treatment of Migraine Delivered by Senior or Junior Acupuncturists: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

  2022cites this paper
• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Principles, Science, and Patient Selection in Neurology.

  2022cites this paper
• The Doctors’ Effect on Patients’ Physical Health Outcomes Beyond the Intervention: A Methodological Review

  2022cites this paper
• The APPLE Tree programme: Active Prevention in People at risk of dementia through Lifestyle, bEhaviour change and Technology to build REsiliEnce—randomised controlled trial

  2022cites this paper
• Influential methods reports for group-randomized trials and related designs

  2022cites this paper
• Designing, understanding and modelling two-phase experiments with human subjects

  2022influential citation
• Impact of complex, partially nested clustering in a three-arm individually randomized group treatment trial: A case study with the wHOPE trial

  2021cites this paper
• Basale Wirkmodelle in der Psychotherapie

  2021cites this paper
• Do the effects of acupuncture vary between acupuncturists? Analysis of the Acupuncture Trialists’ Collaboration individual patient data meta-analysis

  2020cites this paper
• Title of Project: Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Preventing Suicide in Military Veterans

  2020cites this paper
• Personality change and personality as predictor of change in psychotherapy: A longitudinal study in a community mental health clinic

  2020cites this paper
• A psychological intervention for suicide applied to non-affective psychosis: the CARMS (Cognitive AppRoaches to coMbatting Suicidality) randomised controlled trial protocol

  2020cites this paper
• Complex Intervention Trials

  2020cites this paper
• The implications of noncompliance for randomized trials with partial nesting due to group treatment

  2020cites this paper
• Efficient and flexible simulation-based sample size determination for clinical trials with multiple design parameters

  2019cites this paper
• Optimal designs for group randomized trials and group administered treatments with outcomes at the subject and group level

  2019cites this paper
• Essential Ingredients and Innovations in the Design and Analysis of Group-Randomized Trials.

  2019cites this paper
• Don’t abandon RCTs in IVF. We don’t even understand them

  2019cites this paper
• Methodological issues in psychological treatment research : applications to gambling research and therapist effects

  2019cites this paper
• Moderators in psychotherapy meta-analysis

  2018cites this paper
• Use of a random effects meta‐analysis in the design and analysis of a new clinical trial

  2018cites this paper
• The Consequences of Ignoring Therapist Effects in Trials With Longitudinal Data: A Simulation Study

  2018cites this paper
• Clinicians have several therapeutic relationships and patients only one: The effect on their assessments of relationships

  2018cites this paper
• Trial-Based Cognitive Therapy: Efficacy of a New CBT Approach for Treating Social Anxiety Disorder with Comorbid Depression

  2018cites this paper
• Cost-efficient designs for three-arm trials with treatment delivered by health professionals: Sample sizes for a combination of nested and crossed designs

  2018cites this paper
• The clinician factor: Personality characteristics of clinicians and their impact upon clinical outcomes in the management of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes

  2018cites this paper
• Multiphase experiments in practice: A look back

  2017cites this paper
• Partially nested designs in psychotherapy trials: A review of modeling developments

  2017influential citation
• Cognitive-behavioural therapy and short-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy versus brief psychosocial intervention in adolescents with unipolar major depression (IMPACT): a multicentre, pragmatic, observer-blind, randomised controlled trial.

  2017cites this paper
• Clinical effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and acceptability of low-intensity interventions in the management of obsessive-compulsive disorder: the Obsessive-Compulsive Treatment Efficacy randomised controlled Trial (OCTET).

  2017cites this paper
• Meta‐analysis of standardised mean differences from randomised trials with treatment‐related clustering associated with care providers

  2017influential citation
• The Design of Cluster Randomized Trials With Random Cross-Classifications

  2017cites this paper
• Cognitive behavioural therapy and short-term psychoanalytical psychotherapy versus a brief psychosocial intervention in adolescents with unipolar major depressive disorder (IMPACT): a multicentre, pragmatic, observer-blind, randomised controlled superiority trial

  2017cites this paper
• A brief intervention for weight control based on habit-formation theory delivered through primary care: results from a randomised controlled trial

  2016cites this paper
• Evaluation of the effects of multiple providers in complex surgical interventions

  2016cites this paper
• Repairing the efficiency loss due to varying cluster sizes in two‐level two‐armed randomized trials with heterogeneous clustering

  2016cites this paper
• Psychological interventions for adults who are overweight or obese

  2016cites this paper
• Understanding the Therapist Contribution to Psychotherapy Outcome: A Meta-Analytic Approach

  2016cites this paper
• Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for Veterans With PTSD.

  2016cites this paper
• Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for Veterans With PTSD--Reply.

  2016cites this paper
• Use of clustering analysis in randomized controlled trials in orthopaedic surgery

  2015cites this paper
• Statistical challenges in assessing potential efficacy of complex interventions in pilot or feasibility studies

  2015cites this paper
• Sample size calculation for treatment effects in randomized trials with fixed cluster sizes and heterogeneous intraclass correlations and variances

  2015influential citation
• Meta‐analysis of absolute mean differences from randomised trials with treatment‐related clustering associated with care providers

  2015cites this paper
• A systematic review of the use of an expertise-based randomised controlled trial design

  2015cites this paper
• Design and analysis of trials with a partially nested design and a binary outcome measure

  2015cites this paper
• Interventions in randomised controlled trials in surgery: issues to consider during trial design

  2015cites this paper
• START (STrAtegies for RelaTives) study: a pragmatic randomised controlled trial to determine the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a manual-based coping strategy programme in promoting the mental health of carers of people with dementia.

  2014cites this paper
• The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of brief intervention for excessive alcohol consumption among people attending sexual health clinics: a randomised controlled trial (SHEAR).

  2014influential citation
• Obsessive Compulsive Treatment Efficacy Trial (OCTET) comparing the clinical and cost effectiveness of self-managed therapies: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

  2014cites this paper
• Long-term clinical and cost-effectiveness of psychological intervention for family carers of people with dementia: a single-blind, randomised, controlled trial.

  2014cites this paper
• Systematic reviews of randomised clinical trials examining the effects of psychotherapeutic interventions versus "no intervention" for acute major depressive disorder and a randomised trial examining the effects of "third wave" cognitive therapy versus mentalization-based treatment for acute major d

  2014cites this paper
• The clinical and cost-effectiveness of brief advice for excessive alcohol consumption among people attending sexual health clinics: a randomised controlled trial

  2014cites this paper
• A meta-analytic review of the relationships between the therapeutic alliance, empathy, and genuineness in individual adult psychotherapy.

  2014cites this paper
• Design and analysis of non‐pharmacological treatment trials with multiple therapists per patient

  2013influential citation
• Clinical effectiveness of a manual based coping strategy programme (START, STrAtegies for RelaTives) in promoting the mental health of carers of family members with dementia: pragmatic randomised controlled trial

  2013cites this paper
• A randomised trial of adaptive pacing therapy, cognitive behaviour therapy, graded exercise, and specialist medical care for chronic fatigue syndrome (PACE): statistical analysis plan

  2013cites this paper
• Mindfulness therapy for somatization disorder and functional somatic syndromes: randomized trial with one-year follow-up.

  2013cites this paper
• Group art therapy as an adjunctive treatment for people with schizophrenia: multicentre pragmatic randomised trial

  2012cites this paper
• Brief intervention for alcohol misuse in people attending sexual health clinics: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

  2012cites this paper
• The effect of adding psychodynamic therapy to antidepressants in patients with major depressive disorder. A systematic review of randomized clinical trials with meta-analyses and trial sequential analyses.

  2012cites this paper
• Comparison of forgiveness and anger-reduction group treatments: A randomized controlled trial

  2012cites this paper
• Cognitive-behavioural group treatment for a range of functional somatic syndromes: randomised trial.

  2012cites this paper
• Comments on ‘Therapist variation within randomized trials of psychotherapy: Implications for precision, internal and external validity’

  2012cites this paper
• How many therapists? Practical guidance on investigating therapist effects in randomized controlled trials for eating disorders.

  2012cites this paper
• somatic syndromes: randomised trial behavioural group treatment for a range of functional - Cognitive

  2012cites this paper
• Evaluation of potential mediators in randomized trials of complex interventions (psychotherapies)

  2012cites this paper
• Therapist variation within meta-analyses of psychotherapy trials

  2011cites this paper
• Clustering Effects in RCTs of Nonpharmacological Interventions

  2011cites this paper
• The Effects of Cognitive Therapy versus ‘No Intervention’ for Major Depressive Disorder

  2011cites this paper
• Effects of cognitive therapy versus interpersonal psychotherapy in patients with major depressive disorder: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials with meta-analyses and trial sequential analyses

  2011cites this paper
• Statistical issues in the analysis of non-pharmacological therapy trials with clustering by care-provider or therapy group

  2011cites this paper
• The Effects of Cognitive Therapy Versus ‘Treatment as Usual’ in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder

  2011cites this paper
• The 12-Month Effects of Early Motivational Interviewing After Acute Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial

  2011cites this paper
• Clustering in surgical trials - database of intracluster correlations

  2011cites this paper
• The Effect of Interpersonal Psychotherapy and other Psychodynamic Therapies versus ‘Treatment as Usual’ in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder

  2011cites this paper
• Multi-centre cluster randomised trial comparing a community group exercise programme with home based exercise with usual care for people aged 65 and over in primary care: protocol of the ProAct 65+ trial

  2010cites this paper
• Power to detect therapist effects in randomized controlled trials of interventions in clinical psychology

  2010cites this paper