Logic brightens my day: Evidence for implicit sensitivity to logical validity.

A key assumption of dual process theory is that reasoning is an explicit, effortful, deliberative process. The present study offers evidence for an implicit, possibly intuitive component of reasoning. Participants were shown sentences embedded in logically valid or invalid arguments. Participants were not asked to reason but instead rated the sentences for liking (Experiment 1) and physical brightness (Experiments 2-3). Sentences that followed logically from preceding sentences were judged to be more likable and brighter. Two other factors thought to be linked to implicit processing-sentence believability and facial expression-had similar effects on liking and brightness ratings. The authors conclude that sensitivity to logical structure was implicit, occurring potentially automatically and outside of awareness. They discuss the results within a fluency misattribution framework and make reference to the literature on discourse comprehension. (PsycINFO Database Record

• Publication year

  2016

• Venue

  Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory and Cognition

• Publication date

  2016-02-18

• Fields of study

  Medicine, Psychology

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1037/xlm0000248PMID 26889685
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• What makes us think? A three-stage dual-process model of analytic engagement.

  2015cited by this paper
• Thinking fast and slow.

  2014cited by this paper
• Two systems of reasoning: An update.

  2014cited by this paper
• Traditional difference-score analyses of reasoning are flawed.

  2014cited by this paper
• Fluency and belief bias in deductive reasoning: new indices for old effects

  2014cited by this paper
• Intuitive Logic Revisited: New Data and a Bayesian Mixed Model Meta-Analysis

  2014cited by this paper
• Theory and Metatheory in the Study of Dual Processing

  2013influential reference
• The SDT model of belief bias: complexity, time, and cognitive ability mediate the effects of believability.

  2013cited by this paper
• Does logic feel good? Testing for intuitive detection of logicality in syllogistic reasoning.

  2013cited by this paper
• Bias and Conflict

  2012cited by this paper
• Deduction without awareness.

  2012cited by this paper
• Bias and Conflict A Case for Logical Intuitions

  2012cited by this paper
• Default Bayes factors for ANOVA designs

  2012cited by this paper
• Logic feels so good-I like it! Evidence for intuitive detection of logicality in syllogistic reasoning.

  2012influential reference
• A process model of intuition

  2011cited by this paper
• Logic, beliefs, and instruction: a test of the default interventionist account of belief bias.

  2011cited by this paper
• Intuition, reason, and metacognition.

  2011cited by this paper
• Distinguishing between attributional and mnemonic sources of familiarity: The case of positive emotion bias

  2010cited by this paper
• Doing Bayesian Data Analysis: A Tutorial with R and BUGS

  2010cited by this paper
• Distinguishing between mnemonic and attributional sources of familiarity: Positive emotion bias as a case study

  2010cited by this paper
• The Epistemic Status of Processing Fluency as Source for Judgments of Truth

  2010cited by this paper
• The analysis of intuition: Processing fluency and affect in judgements of semantic coherence

  2009cited by this paper
• Dual-processing accounts of reasoning, judgment, and social cognition.

  2008cited by this paper
• Problematic effects of aggregation in zROC analysis and a hierarchical modeling solution

  2008cited by this paper
• Fluency heuristic: a model of how the mind exploits a by-product of information retrieval.

  2008cited by this paper
• Remembering by the Seat of Your Pants

  2005cited by this paper
• Detection theory: A user's guide, 2nd ed.

  2005cited by this paper
• Rapid responding increases belief bias: Evidence for the dual-process theory of reasoning

  2005cited by this paper
• Two fluency heuristics (and how to tell them apart)

  2003cited by this paper
• Two routes to remembering (and another to remembering not).

  2002cited by this paper
• Mind at ease puts a smile on the face: psychophysiological evidence that processing facilitation elicits positive affect.

  2001cited by this paper
• Simple Heuristics That Make Us Smart

  1999cited by this paper
• Effects of Perceptual Fluency on Affective Judgments

  1998cited by this paper
• The empirical case for two systems of reasoning.

  1996cited by this paper
• Illusions of familiarity.

  1993influential reference
• Detection Theory: A User's Guide

  1991cited by this paper
• Predicting propositional logic inferences in text comprehension

  1990cited by this paper
• An illusion of memory: false recognition influenced by unconscious perception

  1989cited by this paper
• Inhibiting and facilitating conditions of the human smile: a nonobtrusive test of the facial feedback hypothesis.

  1988cited by this paper
• The role of knowledge in discourse comprehension: a construction-integration model.

  1988cited by this paper
• Nonspecific Effects of Exposure on Stimuli That Cannot Be Recognized

  1987cited by this paper
• Mood, misattribution, and judgments of well-being: Informative and directive functions of affective states.

  1983cited by this paper
• On the conflict between logic and belief in syllogistic reasoning

  1983cited by this paper

• Fast reasoning uses semantic activation as an intuitive cue.

  2026cites this paper
• The impact of frowning and doubt on deductive reasoning

  2026cites this paper
• Reconceptualizing Metacognitive Experience in Dual-Process Reasoning: The Role of Emotion in Triggering Deliberation

  2025cites this paper
• Conflict detection with invalid inferences: All heuristics, no logic

  2025cites this paper
• Logical intuitions or matching heuristics? Examining the effect of deduction training on belief-based reasoning judgments

  2025influential citation
• Reasoning does hurt: deliberation is associated with heightened levels of doubt

  2025cites this paper
• Exploring Logical Intuition in Base-Rate Problems Using the Instructional Manipulation Paradigm

  2025cites this paper
• Surface Cues Explain the Logic-Liking Effect in Disjunctions

  2024cites this paper
• Metacognitive Feelings: A Predictive-Processing Perspective

  2024cites this paper
• Heuristics, Biases and the Psychology of Reasoning: State of the Art

  2023cites this paper
• Accuracy and Response Time for Modus Ponens Syllogisms Vary by Controversial Topic and Categorical Emotion

  2023cites this paper
• Cognitive Illusions Intriguing Phenomena in Thinking, Judgment, and Memory

  2023cites this paper
• Eye Movements, Pupil Dilation, and Conflict Detection in Reasoning: Exploring the Evidence for Intuitive Logic

  2023cites this paper
• Comparing Mental Effort, Difficulty, and Confidence Appraisals in Problem-Solving: A Metacognitive Perspective

  2023cites this paper
• Belief bias, conflict detection, and logical complexity

  2023cites this paper
• Illusory intuitive inferences: Matching heuristics explain logical intuitions.

  2023cites this paper
• REEXAMINING THE LOGIC-LIKING EFFECT 1 Are Logical Intuitions Only Make-Believe ? 1 Reexamining the Logic-Liking Effect

  2022cites this paper
• The best game in town: The reemergence of the language-of-thought hypothesis across the cognitive sciences

  2022cites this paper
• Epistemic Feelings are Affective Experiences

  2022cites this paper
• Uncontrolled logic: intuitive sensitivity to logical structure in random responding

  2021cites this paper
• Moral intuition is moral but not objective

  2021influential citation
• AP-PSPJ210015 1720..1748

  2021cites this paper
• Effects of Dyslexia on Problem Solving - Strategies and Interventions for Syllogistic Reasoning

  2021cites this paper
• When Reflection Hurts: The Effect of Cognitive Processing Types on Organizational Adaptation to Discontinuous Change

  2021cites this paper
• The bright homunculus in our head: Individual differences in intuitive sensitivity to logical validity

  2020influential citation
• A test of two processes: The effect of training on deductive and inductive reasoning.

  2020cites this paper
• Ideological belief bias with political syllogisms

  2020cites this paper
• Why is logic so likeable? A single-process account of argument evaluation with logic and liking judgments.

  2020cites this paper
• Using confidence and consensuality to predict time invested in problem solving and in real-life web searching.

  2020cites this paper
• Consistency just feels right: Procedural fluency increases confidence in performance.

  2020cites this paper
• The Role of Intuition in Evaluative Judgment and Decision

  2020cites this paper
• Logical intuitions and heuristic reflections : rethinking the role of intuition in probability judgements

  2019cites this paper
• Further Tests of the Metacognitive Advantage Model

  2019cites this paper
• Mental Models or Probabilistic Reasoning or Both

  2019cites this paper
• Logic, Fast and Slow: Advances in Dual-Process Theorizing

  2019cites this paper
• On the role of deduction in reasoning from uncertain premises

  2018cites this paper
• The logic sense: exploring the role of executive functioning in belief and logic-based judgments

  2018cites this paper
• Individual differences in conflict detection during reasoning

  2018cites this paper
• Conflict Detection and Logical Complexity

  2018cites this paper
• Fast and slow thinking: Electrophysiological evidence for early conflict sensitivity

  2018cites this paper
• Do Smart People Have Better Intuitions?

  2018cites this paper
• Miserliness in human cognition: the interaction of detection, override and mindware

  2018cites this paper
• Interactions between inferential strategies and belief bias

  2017cites this paper
• Interactions between inferential strategies and belief bias

  2017cites this paper
• A Perspective on the Theoretical Foundation of Dual Process Models

  2017cites this paper
• Rule-Based Reasoning Is Fast and Belief-Based Reasoning Can Be Slow: Challenging Current Explanations of Belief-Bias and Base-Rate Neglect

  2017cites this paper
• Dual processes and moral conflict: Evidence for deontological reasoners’ intuitive utilitarian sensitivity

  2017cites this paper
• Fast logic?: Examining the time course assumption of dual process theory.

  2017cites this paper
• Are There Two Processes in Reasoning? The Dimensionality of Inductive and Deductive Inferences

  2017cites this paper
• When fast logic meets slow belief: Evidence for a parallel-processing model of belief bias

  2016cites this paper
• Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition Are Logical Intuitions Only Make-Believe? Reexamining the Logic-Liking Effect

  year unknowninfluential citation