Antimicrobial resistance in Saudi Arabia

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is increasingly being highlighted as an urgent public and animal health issue worldwide. This issue is well demonstrated in bacteria that are resistant to last-line antibiotics, suggesting a future with untreatable infections. International agencies have suggested combating strategies against AMR. Saudi Arabia has several challenges that can stimulate the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Tackling these challenges need efforts from multiple sectors to successfully control the spread and emergence of AMR in the country. Actions should include active surveillance to monitor the emergence and spread of AMR. Infection prevention and control precautions should also be optimized to limit further spread. Raising awareness is essential to limit inappropriate antibiotics use, and the antibiotic stewardship programs in hospital settings, outpatients, and community pharmacies, should regulate the ongoing use of antimicrobials.

• Publication year

  2016

• Venue

  Saudi Medical Journal

• Publication date

  2016-09-01

• Fields of study

  Medicine, Environmental Science

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.15537/smj.2016.9.16139PMID 27570847PMCID 5039611
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mechanism MCR-1 in animals and human beings in China: a microbiological and molecular biological study.

  2016cited by this paper
• Plasmid-mediated colistin resistance in Escherichia coli from the Arabian Peninsula.

  2016cited by this paper
• World Health Organization Ranking of Antimicrobials According to Their Importance in Human Medicine: A Critical Step for Developing Risk Management Strategies to Control Antimicrobial Resistance From Food Animal Production.

  2016cited by this paper
• Acquisition of a High Diversity of Bacteria during the Hajj Pilgrimage, Including Acinetobacter baumannii with blaOXA-72 and Escherichia coli with blaNDM-5 Carbapenemase Genes

  2016cited by this paper
• Stepwise evolution of pandrug-resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae

  2015cited by this paper
• PME-1-Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Qatar

  2015cited by this paper
• The emerging threat of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in urology

  2015cited by this paper
• Risk factors of nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among health care staff in a teaching hospital in central Saudi Arabia

  2015cited by this paper
• Antimicrobial resistance: one world, one fight!

  2015cited by this paper
• Epidemiology of extensive drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (XDRAB) at Security Forces Hospital (SFH) in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)

  2015cited by this paper
• Molecular Epidemiology of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates in the Gulf Cooperation Council States: Dominance of OXA-23-Type Producers

  2015cited by this paper
• The Potential Role of Social Media Platforms in Community Awareness of Antibiotic Use in the Gulf Cooperation Council States: Luxury or Necessity?

  2015cited by this paper
• The World Health Organization Global Action Plan for antimicrobial resistance.

  2015cited by this paper
• Potential burden of antibiotic resistance on surgery and cancer chemotherapy antibiotic prophylaxis in the USA: a literature review and modelling study.

  2015cited by this paper
• Antibiotic effectiveness: Balancing conservation against innovation

  2014cited by this paper
• Molecular Characterization of Carbapenemase-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in the Countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council: Dominance of OXA-48 and NDM Producers

  2014cited by this paper
• National surveillance of antimicrobial resistance among Gram-positive bacteria in Saudi Arabia

  2014cited by this paper
• β-Lactamase Production in Key Gram-Negative Pathogen Isolates from the Arabian Peninsula

  2013cited by this paper
• Epidemiology of Antituberculosis Drug Resistance in Saudi Arabia: Findings of the First National Survey

  2013cited by this paper
• Non-prescription antimicrobial use worldwide: a systematic review.

  2011cited by this paper

• Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns and Clinical Outcomes of Gram-Negative Bloodstream Infections in Saudi Arabian Hospitals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

  2026cites this paper
• Dentists' Awareness of Antibiotic Stewardship and Their Willingness to Support Its Implementation: A Cross‐Sectional Survey in a Dental School

  2025cites this paper
• Carbapenem resistance and multidrug resistance in Morganellaceae: a 12-year retrospective cross-sectional study from southern Saudi Arabia

  2025cites this paper
• Combating antimicrobial resistance in Asia

  2025cites this paper
• VACCINES OVER ANTIBIOTICS: SAUDI ARABIA’S JOURNEY OF MANAGING PEDIATRIC BACTERIAL MENINGITIS

  2025cites this paper
• Patterns of resistance among critically ill patients at a Territory Hospital, Saudi Arabia: A retrospective cohort study

  2025cites this paper
• Recurrent and Multidrug-Resistant UTI Treatments in Kidney Transplant Patients: A Retrospective Study from Saudi Arabia

  2025cites this paper
• Strengthening global health security through antimicrobial resistance control: Insights from Saudi Arabia.

  2025cites this paper
• Patterns of antibiotic resistance in uropathogens isolated from pediatric patients

  2025cites this paper
• Implementation of Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review

  2025cites this paper
• Exploring the diversity and antimicrobial potential of actinomycetes isolated from different environments in Saudi Arabia: a systematic review

  2025cites this paper
• Knowledge and Attitude of self-medication with leftover antibiotics in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study

  2024cites this paper
• Impact of Diagnostic Stewardship on Urine Culture Ordering in Saudi Arabia: Prospective Pre- and Postintervention Study

  2024cites this paper
• Respiratory Carriage of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus-Encoding Gene in Hajj Pilgrims

  2024cites this paper
• Exploring bacterial profiles and antibiotic susceptibility patterns in urinary tract infection cases at Idlib university hospital, Syria

  2024cites this paper
• Influence of leftover antibiotics on self-medication in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study

  2023cites this paper
• Evaluating the effectiveness of the Ministry of Health restriction policy on seasonal antibiotic consumption trends in Saudi Arabia, 2016–2020

  2023cites this paper
• Origin of Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance, and Their Impacts on Drug Development: A Narrative Review

  2023cites this paper
• Is YouTube a Reliable Source of Information on Antimicrobial Resistance in the Arab World?

  2023cites this paper
• Comparative De Novo and Pan-Genome Analysis of MDR Nosocomial Bacteria Isolated from Hospitals in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

  2023influential citation
• Threat of Antimicrobial Resistance among Pilgrims with Infectious Diseases during Hajj: Lessons Learnt from COVID-19 Pandemic

  2023cites this paper
• ELK4 Promotes Cell Cycle Progression and Stem Cell-like Characteristics in HPV-associated Cervical Cancer by Regulating the FBXO22/PTEN Axis

  2023cites this paper
• Risk factors in acquiring multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infections in a hospital setting in Saudi Arabia

  2023cites this paper
• Infection Prevalence at a Tertiary Hospital in Hail, Saudi Arabia: A Single-Center Study to Identify Strategies to Improve Antibiotic Usage

  2023cites this paper
• Prevalence of Carbapenem Non-susceptible Gram-Negative Bacteria at Tertiary Care Hospitals in Saudi Arabia

  2023cites this paper
• Antibacterial Resistance Patterns Among Common Infections in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Saudi Arabia

  2022cites this paper
• The antimicrobial activity of ceftobiprole against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa

  2022cites this paper
• Potential bioactive secondary metabolites of Actinomycetes sp. isolated from rocky soils of the heritage village Rijal Alma, Saudi Arabia

  2022cites this paper
• Evaluating the Prevalence and the Risk Factors of Gram-Negative Multi-Drug Resistant Bacteria in Eastern Saudi Arabia

  2022cites this paper
• In-vitro activity of ceftolozane/tazobactam against recent clinical bacterial isolates from two Saudi Arabian hospitals.

  2022cites this paper
• A Three-Year Look at the Phylogenetic Profile, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Associated Virulence Genes of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli

  2022cites this paper
• Assessment of antibiotic prescribing patterns at dental and primary health care clinics according to WHO Access, Watch, Reserve (AWaRe) classification.

  2022cites this paper
• Restriction on antimicrobial dispensing without prescription on a national level: Impact on the overall antimicrobial utilization in the community pharmacies in Saudi Arabia

  2022cites this paper
• Awareness of Antimicrobial Resistance: Surveillance among Visitors of a Tertiary Care Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

  2022cites this paper
• Silver Nanoparticle-Based Combinations with Antimicrobial Agents against Antimicrobial-Resistant Clinical Isolates

  2022cites this paper
• Towards promising antimicrobial alternatives: The future of bacteriophage research and development in Saudi Arabia.

  2022cites this paper
• Public Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Towards Antibiotic Use and Antimicrobial Resistance in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia

  2022cites this paper
• Assessing the prevalence and characteristics of self-reported penicillin allergy in Saudi Arabian population: A nationwide cross-sectional study

  2022cites this paper
• Parent-Reported Rate of the Use of Antibiotics in Children: A Cross-Sectional Study

  2022influential citation
• Attitudes, Knowledges, and Practices of Antibiotic Prescriptions.

  2022cites this paper
• Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of antibiotic Resistant Gram Negative Bacteria isolated in Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia

  2021cites this paper
• Status of infectious disease content in the professional pharmacy curriculum in Saudi Arabia: Results of a national survey

  2021cites this paper
• Antibiotic Use and Resistance Knowledge: Awareness Among the General Public in Jazan, Saudi Arabia

  2021cites this paper
• Genotyping and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Clostridium perfringens and Clostridioides difficile in Camel Minced Meat

  2021cites this paper
• Pharmacokinetics of meropenem in critically ill patients in Saudi Arabia

  2021cites this paper
• A Saudi Arabian Public Health Perspective of Tuberculosis

  2021cites this paper
• Evaluation of antibiotic treatment decisions in pediatric intensive care units in Saudi Arabia: A national survey.

  2021cites this paper
• Determination of synergistic effects of antibiotics and Zno NPs against isolated E. Coli and A. Baumannii bacterial strains from clinical samples

  2021cites this paper
• Promoting cross-regional collaboration in antimicrobial stewardship: Findings of an infectious diseases working group survey in Arab countries of the Middle East.

  2021cites this paper
• Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of antibiotic resistant gram negative bacteria isolated in Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia

  2021cites this paper
• Antimicrobial Surveillance for Bacterial Uropathogens in Ha’il, Saudi Arabia: A Five-Year Multicenter Retrospective Study

  2021cites this paper
• Distribution of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)-Encoding Genes among Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens Collected from Three Different Countries

  2021cites this paper
• A Review of Salmonellosis on Poultry Farms: Public Health Importance

  2020cites this paper
• Prevalence of Klebsiella pneumoniae Antibiotic Resistance in Medina, Saudi Arabia, 2014-2018

  2020cites this paper
• High Burden of Resistant Gram Negative Pathogens Causing Device-associated Healthcare Infections in a Tertiary Care Setting in Saudi Arabia, 2008-2016.

  2020cites this paper
• Investigations of Bioactivity of Acalypha indica (L.), Centella asiatica (L.) and Croton bonplandianus (Baill) against Multidrug Resistant Bacteria and Cancer Cells

  2020cites this paper
• Antimicrobial Resistance Strategies: Are We Approaching the End?

  2020cites this paper
• Genotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium perfringens isolated from dromedary camels, pastures and herders.

  2020cites this paper
• Characterization of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Clinical Isolates in Al Thawra University Hospital, Sana'a, Yemen

  2020cites this paper
• Evaluating the appropriateness of carbapenem and piperacillin-tazobactam prescribing in a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia

  2020cites this paper
• Fairness in the Use of Information About Carriers of Resistant Infections

  2020cites this paper
• Chemical characterization and antibacterial efficacy of Saudi sesame oil against human pathogenic bacteria

  2020cites this paper
• Evaluating antimicrobial appropriateness in a tertiary care pediatric ICU in Saudi Arabia: a retrospective cohort study

  2020cites this paper
• Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae: Prevalence, Treatments, and Outcomes – A Retrospective Cohort Study

  2020cites this paper
• Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria and Prescription of Antibiotics at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

  2020cites this paper
• Parents’ Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices on Antibiotic Use by Children

  2019cites this paper
• Antimicrobial Effects of the Water Immiscible Solvent Extracts of Olive Tree Leaves

  2019cites this paper
• First report of Klebsiella quasipneumoniae harboring blaKPC-2 in Saudi Arabia

  2019cites this paper
• Characterization of phenotypic and genotypic traits of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates recovered from a tertiary care hospital in Taif, Saudi Arabia

  2019cites this paper
• Health care providers’ perceptions regarding antimicrobial stewardship programs (AMS) implementation—facilitators and challenges: a cross-sectional study in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia

  2019cites this paper
• Barriers to implementing antimicrobial stewardship programmes in three Saudi hospitals: Evidence from a qualitative study

  2019cites this paper
• Evaluation of gut bacterial community composition and antimicrobial resistome in pregnant and non-pregnant women from Saudi population

  2019cites this paper
• Antimicrobial consumption in three pediatric and neonatal intensive care units in Saudi Arabia: 33-month surveillance study

  2019cites this paper
• Parents knowledge and attitude toward antibiotic misuse in children with upper respiratory tract infections in the Western region of Saudi Arabia

  2019cites this paper
• Antibiotic resistance in Saudi Arabia and some Middle Eastern countries: Current status

  2019cites this paper
• Community-acquired urinary tract infections in children: Resistance patterns of uropathogens in a tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia

  2019cites this paper
• Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation of The Water Immiscible Solvent Extracts of Moringa

  2019cites this paper
• Antimicrobial resistance pattern of Acinetobacter spp. isolated from clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital at Madinah, Saudi Arabia

  2018influential citation
• Duration of antibiotic therapy for critically ill patients with bloodstream infections: A retrospective observational in Saudi Arabia

  2018cites this paper
• The adoption of Antimicrobial Stewardship Programmes in Ministry of Health hospitals in Saudi Arabia

  2018cites this paper
• Emergence of drug resistant bacteria at the Hajj: A systematic review.

  2017cites this paper
• Awareness Level of Parents about Antibiotics Those Are Given to Children in Riyadh Region 2017

  2017cites this paper
• Enteric Infections Circulating during Hajj Seasons, 2011–2013

  2017cites this paper
• Phenotypic and molecular study of pneumococci causing respiratory tract infections

  2017cites this paper
• Synthesis of some quinoline-pyrazoline-based naphthalenyl thiazole derivatives and their evaluation as potential antimicrobial agents

  2017cites this paper
• Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Commensal Escherichia coli Isolated from Broiler Chickens in Qatar.

  2017cites this paper
• Exploring bacterial profiles and antibiotic susceptibility patterns in urinary tract infection cases at Idlib university hospital,

  year unknowncites this paper
• EVALUATING THE ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE PROFILES OF ESCHERICHIA COLI STRAINS ISOLATED FROM UTI PATIENTS IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

  year unknowncites this paper