Orexins, Sleep, and Blood Pressure

Purpose of ReviewThe aim of this review was to summarize collected data on the role of orexin and orexin neurons in the control of sleep and blood pressure.Recent FindingsAlthough orexins (hypocretins) have been known for only 20 years, an impressive amount of data is now available regarding their physiological role. Hypothalamic orexin neurons are responsible for the control of food intake and energy expenditure, motivation, circadian rhythm of sleep and wake, memory, cognitive functions, and the cardiovascular system. Multiple studies show that orexinergic stimulation results in increased blood pressure and heart rate and that this effect may be efficiently attenuated by orexinergic antagonism. Increased activity of orexinergic neurons is also observed in animal models of hypertension.SummaryPharmacological intervention in the orexinergic system is now one of the therapeutic possibilities in insomnia. Although the role of orexin in the control of blood pressure is well described, we are still lacking clinical evidence that this is a possibility for a new approach in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

• Publication year

  2018

• Venue

  Current Hypertension Reports

• Publication date

  2018-07-10

• Fields of study

  Medicine

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1007/s11906-018-0879-6PMID 29992504PMCID 6061179
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Abnormal

  2020cited by this paper
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• Orexin/Hypocretin Signaling.

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• The highly selective orexin/hypocretin 1 receptor antagonist GSK1059865 potently reduces ethanol drinking in ethanol dependent mice.

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• Contribution of Orexin to the Neurogenic Hypertension in BPH/2J Mice

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• Role of the non-opioid dynorphin peptide des-Tyr-dynorphin (DYN-A(2-17)) in food intake and physical activity, and its interaction with orexin-A.

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• Assessment of the Abuse Potential of the Orexin Receptor Antagonist, Suvorexant, Compared With Zolpidem in a Randomized Crossover Study

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• Direct projections from hypothalamic orexin neurons to brainstem cardiac vagal neurons.

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• Both Ox1r and Ox2r orexin receptors contribute to the cardiovascular and locomotor components of the novelty stress response in the rat.

  2015cited by this paper
• “Non-dipping” is equally frequent in narcoleptic patients and in patients with insomnia

  2015cited by this paper
• Orexin receptor activity in the basal forebrain alters performance on an olfactory discrimination task.

  2015cited by this paper
• Spontaneously hypertensive rats have more orexin neurons in the hypothalamus and enhanced orexinergic input and orexin 2 receptor‐associated nitric oxide signalling in the rostral ventrolateral medulla

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  2015cited by this paper
• Spontaneously hypertensive rats have more orexin neurons in their medial hypothalamus than normotensive rats

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• Effects of suvorexant, an orexin receptor antagonist, on breathing during sleep in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

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• Coreleased Orexin and Glutamate Evoke Nonredundant Spike Outputs and Computations in Histamine Neurons

  2014cited by this paper
• Safety and efficacy of suvorexant during 1-year treatment of insomnia with subsequent abrupt treatment discontinuation: a phase 3 randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

  2014cited by this paper
• Neural Circuit Interactions between the Dorsal Raphe Nucleus and the Lateral Hypothalamus: An Experimental and Computational Study

  2014cited by this paper
• Orexin-A-induced ERK1/2 activation reverses impaired spatial learning and memory in pentylenetetrazol-kindled rats via OX1R-mediated hippocampal neurogenesis.

  2014cited by this paper
• Orexin induces excitation of respiratory neuronal network in isolated brainstem spinal cord of neonatal rat.

  2014cited by this paper
• Lower wake resting sympathetic and cardiovascular activities in narcolepsy with cataplexy

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• Calcium affects OX1 orexin (hypocretin) receptor responses by modifying both orexin binding and the signal transduction machinery

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• he effect of intranasal orexin-A ( hypocretin-1 ) on sleep , wakefulness nd attention in narcolepsy with cataplexy ara

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• Anxiolytic function of the orexin 2/hypocretin A receptor in the basolateral amygdala.

  2014cited by this paper
• The orexinergic neurons receive synaptic input from C1 cells in rats

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• Sympathetic and cardiovascular changes during sleep in narcolepsy with cataplexy patients.

  2014cited by this paper
• Effects of fasting and feeding on the brain mRNA expressions of orexin, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), PYY and CCK in the Mexican blind cavefish (Astyanax fasciatus mexicanus).

  2013cited by this paper
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• Effects of suvorexant, an orexin receptor antagonist, on sleep parameters as measured by polysomnography in healthy men.

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• Orexin A regulates cardiovascular responses in stress-induced hypertensive rats.

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• Orexin receptor antagonism for treatment of insomnia

  2012cited by this paper
• Abnormal sleep-cardiovascular system interaction in narcolepsy with cataplexy: effects of hypocretin deficiency in humans.

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• Altered sleep-related blood pressure profile in hypocretin-deficient narcoleptic patients.

  2012cited by this paper
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• Effects of intranasal hypocretin-1 (orexin A) on sleep in narcolepsy with cataplexy.

  2011cited by this paper
• Intrathecal orexin A increases sympathetic outflow and respiratory drive, enhances baroreflex sensitivity and blocks the somato‐sympathetic reflex

  2011cited by this paper
• Orexins Depolarize Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla Neurons and Increase Arterial Pressure and Heart Rate in Rats Mainly via Orexin 2 Receptors

  2010cited by this paper
• Intranasal orexin A (hypocretin-1) restores the key REM-sleep abnormalities in human narcolepsy with cataplexy

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• Control of hypothalamic orexin neurons by acid and CO2

  2007cited by this paper
• Input of orexin/hypocretin neurons revealed by a genetically encoded tracer in mice.

  2005cited by this paper
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  2002cited by this paper
• Structure and Function of Human Prepro-orexin Gene*

  1999cited by this paper
• Sympathetic and cardiovascular actions of orexins in conscious rats.

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• Orexins and orexin receptors: a family of hypothalamic neuropeptides and G protein-coupled receptors that regulate feeding behavior.

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• Hypothalamic kinin B1 receptor mediates orexin system hyperactivity in neurogenic hypertension

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• Narcolepsy and the Dissociation of REM Sleep and Cataplexy through Ambient Temperature Manipulation

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