3D Functional Ultrasound Imaging of Pigeons

R. Rau,P. Kruizinga,F. Mastik,Markus Belau,N. Jong,J. Bosch,W. Scheffer,G. Maret

Published 2018 in bioRxiv

ABSTRACT

Recent advances in ultrasound Doppler imaging have allowed to visualize brain activity in small mammalian species such as rats and mice. In birds, this type of functional ultrasound imaging was impossible up to now because birds have physiological characteristics that are unfavorable for current functional ultrasound acquisition schemes. Here, we introduce a high-definition functional ultrasound acquisition method (HDfUS) acquiring 20,000 frames per second continuously. This enabled first successful functional studies on awake pigeons subjected to auditory and visual stimulation. We show that the improved spatiotemporal resolution and sensitivity of HDfUS allows to visualize and investigate the temporally resolved 3D neural activity evoked by a complex stimulation pattern, such as a moving light source. This illustrates the enormous potential of HDfUS imaging to become a new standard functional brain imaging method revealing unknown, stimulus related hemodynamics at excellent signal-to-noise ratio and spatiotemporal resolution. Highlights - We describe a novel ultrafast functional ultrasound technique (HDfUS) - HDfUS offers continuous recording with unmatched spatiotemporal resolution - HDfUS allows to resolve complex 4D neurovascular responses in the brain - First fUS study on non-mammalian species

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