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History and Evolution

Thomas E. Furia

Published 2021 in Fenaroli’s Handbook of Flavor Ingredients

ABSTRACT

History and evolution Jonathan Hutchinson initially described sarcoidosis as ‘Mortimers malady’ in 1869, and thought it to be a dermatological condition after reviewing two patients who had multiple plaques on their body, which differed from tuberculosis (TB) and systemic lupus erythematosus. A French dermatologist, Besnier, then coined the term ‘lupus pernio’ several years later after describing a patient with purplish swellings on the nose, ears and fingers. At the turn of the 20th century the term ‘sarcoid’ was conceived after the Norwegian dermatologist, Caesar Boeck, thought the lesions resembled benign sarcoma. He was the first physician to demonstrate the granulomas on histology as well as highlight the multisystem nature of the disease. The disease’s multisystem nature became more apparent with the classification of two distinct syndromes: Heerfordt syndrome, which was characterised by cutaneous lesions, uveitis, parotid and submaxillary salivary gland enlargement and cranial nerve palsies; and Löfgren syndrome, which was characterised by fever, bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, polyarthritis and erythema nodosum.[1] The disease was then proven by a test developed by Angsar Kveim that was improved by Louis Siltzbach and is therefore known as the Kveim-Siltzbach test.[1,2] It involves injecting crude pieces of sarcoid tissue intradermally which results in papules several weeks later in patients with sarcoidosis, but not in controls.[2]

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