Light scattering from nonequilibrium concentration fluctuations in a polymer solution

We have performed light-scattering measurements in dilute and semidilute polymer solutions of polystyrene in toluene when subjected to stationary temperature gradients. Five solutions with concentrations below and one solution with a concentration above the overlap concentration were investigated. The experiments confirm the presence of long-range nonequilibrium concentration fluctuations which are proportional to (del T)(2)/k(4), where del T is the applied temperature gradient and k is the wave number of the fluctuations. In addition, we demonstrate that the strength of the nonequilibrium concentration fluctuations, observed in the dilute and semidilute solution regime, agrees with theoretical values calculated from fluctuating hydrodynamics. Further theoretical and experimental work will be needed to understand nonequilibrium fluctuations in polymer solutions at higher concentrations.

• Publication year

  2000

• Venue

  Journal of Chemical Physics

• Publication date

  2000-02-24

• Fields of study

  Materials Science, Physics, Chemistry

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1063/1.481524arXiv cond-mat/0002379
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Thermal and Mass Diffusion in a Semidilute Good Solvent-Polymer Solution

  1999cited by this paper
• TWO-EXPONENTIAL DECAY OF DYNAMIC LIGHT SCATTERING IN NEAR-CRITICAL FLUID MIXTURES

  1998cited by this paper
• Nonequilibrium fluctuations in time-dependent diffusion processes

  1998cited by this paper
• Concentration Fluctuations in a Polymer Solution under a Temperature Gradient

  1998cited by this paper
• Giant fluctuations in a free diffusion process

  1997cited by this paper
• Optical measurement of the Soret coefficient and the diffusion coefficient of liquid mixtures

  1996cited by this paper
• SORET AND MASS DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS OF TOLUENE N-HEXANE MIXTURES

  1995cited by this paper
• Holographic grating study of mass and thermal diffusion of polystyrene/toluene solutions

  1995cited by this paper
• Fluctuations in a nonequilibrium colloidal suspension

  1994cited by this paper
• Non-equilibrium fluctuations in liquids and liquid mixtures subjected to a stationary temperature gradient

  1994cited by this paper
• Generic Long-Range Correlations in Molecular Fluids

  1994cited by this paper
• Small-angle Rayleigh scattering from nonequilibrium fluctuations in liquids and liquid mixtures

  1994cited by this paper
• Light-scattering measurements of nonequilibrium fluctuations in a liquid mixture.

  1993cited by this paper
• Fluctuations in inhomogeneous and nonequilibrium fluids under the influence of gravity

  1993cited by this paper
• Nonequilibrium fluctuations in liquid mixtures under the influence of gravity

  1993cited by this paper
• Crossover effects on the osmotic pressure and the diffusion coefficient in moderately concentrated polymer solutions

  1992cited by this paper
• Rayleigh scattering in a liquid far from thermal equilibrium.

  1992cited by this paper
• Effects of additive noise at the onset of Rayleigh-Bénard convection.

  1992cited by this paper
• Enhanced concentration fluctuations in polymer solutions under shear flow.

  1991cited by this paper
• Boundary effects in the Rayleigh line for a fluid out of thermal equilibrium

  1991cited by this paper
• Hydrodynamics of semidilute polymer solutions.

  1991cited by this paper
• Light-scattering measurements of entropy and viscous fluctuations in a liquid far from thermal equilibrium.

  1990cited by this paper
• Theory of light scattering by a nonequilibrium binary mixture.

  1990cited by this paper
• Conservation laws, anisotropy, and "self-organized criticality" in noisy nonequilibrium systems.

  1990cited by this paper
• Effect of Hydrostatic Pressure on Polystyrene Diffusivity in Toluene

  1990cited by this paper
• Elastic effects in the phase transition of polymer solutions under shear flow.

  1989cited by this paper
• Noncritical liquid mixtures far from equilibrium: The Rayleigh line.

  1989cited by this paper
• Fluctuations in fluids out of thermal equilibrium

  1989cited by this paper
• The effects of thermal noise in a Rayleigh-Benard cell near its first convective instability

  1988cited by this paper
• Dynamic Light Scattering

  1985cited by this paper
• Temperature dependence of the hydrodynamic radius of flexible coils in solutions. III: Experimental evidence for the crossover between Gaussian and excluded-volume single-chain statistics

  1985cited by this paper
• Zero-shear viscosity of linear polymer solutions over a wide range of concentration

  1985cited by this paper
• Hydrodynamic and thermodynamic behavior of short-chain polystyrene in toluene and cyclohexane at 34.5.degree.C

  1985cited by this paper
• Fluctuations in a fluid under a stationary heat flux II. Slow part of the correlation matrix

  1985cited by this paper
• Equivalence of scaling exponents from static and dynamic measurements

  1984cited by this paper
• Semidilute region for linear polymers in good solvents

  1984cited by this paper
• Osmotic Pressure of Semidilute Solutions of Branched Polymers

  1983cited by this paper
• Low-angle laser light scattering from polystyrene solutions: intensity measurements and photon correlation spectroscopy

  1983cited by this paper
• Nonlinear resonant coupling between shear and heat fluctuations in fluids far from equilibrium

  1982cited by this paper
• Absolute determination of molecular weights of standard polystyrenes by means of sedimentation‐diffusion measurements in toluene

  1982cited by this paper
• Characterization of Polystyrenes of Extremely High Molecular Weights

  1980cited by this paper
• Diffusion of polystyrene in solution studied by photon correlation spectroscopy

  1974cited by this paper
• Modern Theory of Polymer Solutions

  1971cited by this paper
• Determination of thermodynamic parameters of polymer-solvent systems from sedimentation-diffusion equilibrium in the ultracentrifuge

  1970cited by this paper
• Dilute solution properties of narrow-distribution polystyrene

  1969cited by this paper

• Quenching of long-wavelength non-equilibrium temperature fluctuations in a thermophilic colloidal suspension heated from below.

  2025cites this paper
• Mass and Thermodiffusion in Non-equilibrium Fluctuating Hydrodynamics

  2024cites this paper
• Encountering Surprises in Thermophysics

  2020cites this paper
• Gravity effects on Soret-induced non-equilibrium fluctuations in ternary mixtures

  2017cites this paper
• Structure and dynamics of concentration fluctuations in a non-equilibrium dense colloidal suspension.

  2016cites this paper
• Non-local fluctuation phenomena in liquids

  2016cites this paper
• The Soret Effect in Liquid Mixtures – A Review

  2016cites this paper
• Effect of temperature gradient on liquid-liquid phase separation in a polyolefin blend.

  2013cites this paper
• Gradient-driven fluctuations in microgravity

  2012cites this paper
• Nonequilibrium velocity fluctuations and energy amplification in planar Couette flow.

  2009cites this paper
• Fluctuations in Diffusion Processes in Microgravity

  2006cites this paper
• Electrodeposition of monodisperse copper nanoparticles on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite electrode with modulation potential method

  2005cites this paper
• Electrocrystallization of monodisperse nanocrystal copper on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite electrode

  2005cites this paper
• Review - Stability of Transport and Rate Processes

  2005cites this paper
• Nonequilibrium fluctuations in the Rayleigh-Bénard problem for binary fluid mixtures

  2004cites this paper
• Non-equilibrium Brownian motion of droplets under a temperature gradient

  2002cites this paper
• Nonequilibrium Concentration Fluctuations in Binary Liquid Systems Induced by the Soret Effect

  2002cites this paper
• Thermal-Diffusion Driven Concentration Fluctuations in a Polymer Solution

  2002cites this paper
• Finite-size effects on fluctuations in a fluid out of thermal equilibrium

  2001cites this paper