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Prevalence and risk factors for hypertension and association with ethnicity in Nigeria: results from a national survey

G. Murthy,S. Fox,S. Sivasubramaniam,C. Gilbert,Abdull M Mahdi,A. Imam,Gabriel Entekume,Abiose Adenike,O. Bankole,C. Ezelum,F. Kyari,M. Rabiu,H. Faal,Pak-Sang Lee,A. Tafida

Published 2013 in Cardiovascular Journal of Africa

ABSTRACT

Summary Background Non-communicable diseases are now a global priority. We report on the prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors, including ethnicity, in a nationally representative sample of Nigerian adults recruited to a survey of visual impairment. Methods A multi-stage, stratified, cluster random sample with probability proportional to size procedures was used to obtain a nationally representative sample of 13 591 subjects aged ≥ 40 years. Of these, 13 504 (99.4%) had a blood pressure measurement. Results The prevalence of hypertension was 44.9% [95% confidence interval (CI): 43.5–46.3%]. Increasing age, gender, urban residence and body mass index were independent risk factors (p < 0.001). The Kanuri ethnic group had the highest prevalence of hypertension (77.5%, 95% CI: 71.0–84.0%). Conclusions The high prevalence of hypertension in Nigeria is a cause for concern and suggests that it is inevitable that the impact of hypertension-related ill health is imminent, with the accompanying financial and societal costs to families and the state of Nigeria.

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