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Elimination of classically-activated macrophages in tumor-conditioned medium by alternatively-activated macrophages

Fidel-Nicolás Lolo,C. Rius,S. Casas-Tintó

Published 2017 in Biology Open

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Cellular interactions are critical during development, tissue fitness and epithelial tumor development. The expression levels of specific genes confer to tumoral cells a survival advantage versus the normal neighboring cells. As a consequence, cells surrounding tumors are eliminated and engulfed by macrophages. We propose a novel scenario in which circulating cells facing a tumor can reproduce these cellular interactions. In vitro cultured macrophages from murine bone marrow were used to investigate this hypothesis. M1 macrophages in tumoral medium upregulated markers of a suboptimal condition, such as Sparc and TyrRS, and undergo apoptosis. However, M2 macrophages display higher Myc expression levels and proliferate at the expense of M1. Resulting M1 apoptotic debris is engulfed by M2 in a Sparc- and TyrRS-dependent manner. These findings suggest that tumor-dependent macrophage elimination could deplete immune response against tumors. This possibility could be relevant for macrophage based anti-tumoral strategies. Summary: Cell-autonomous death and engulfment could play an important role in regulating tumor progression and should be taken into account when considering the behavior of pro- and anti-tumoral cells in the complex tumor environment. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper as part of the supplementary information.

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