The medial habenula as a regulator of anxiety in adult zebrafish

The habenula consists of a set of nuclei located in the epithalamus. It regulates the release of multiple neuromodulators including serotonin and dopamine, and consists of two major subdivisions—medial and lateral. In all vertebrates, the medial habenula projects to the interpeduncular nucleus (IPN), a midline structure with poorly defined functions (Morley, 1986). Both the medial habenula and the IPN are rich in nicotinic receptors (nAChR). Activity in this pathway, triggered by opioids and nicotine, leads to a rise in dopamine in the nucleus accumbens (Glick et al., 2006; McCallum et al., 2012) and thus underlies the rewarding aspect of substance abuse. Strong activation of nicotinic receptors in the medial habenula or IPN, however, is sufficient to mediate the aversion to high concentration of nicotine (Fowler et al., 2011; Frahm et al., 2011). In contrast, absence of activity in this pathway is critical for the effects of withdrawal (Salas et al., 2009; Baldwin et al., 2011). Hence, depending on the level of activity, the medial habenula-IPN pathway can trigger reward, aversion or the physical and emotional changes that are characteristic of withdrawal.

• Publication year

  2013

• Venue

  Front. Neural Circuits

• Publication date

  2013-05-27

• Fields of study

  Biology, Medicine, Psychology

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.3389/fncir.2013.00099PMID 23750127PMCID 3664309
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

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