Is It Time to Change the Type 2 Diabetes Treatment Paradigm? No! Metformin Should Remain the Foundation Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes

No abstract is available for this paper.

• Publication year

  2017

• Venue

  Diabetes Care

• Publication date

  2017-07-11

• Fields of study

  Medicine

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.2337/dc16-2372PMID 28733378
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Combination Therapy With Exenatide Plus Pioglitazone Versus Basal/Bolus Insulin in Patients With Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes on Sulfonylurea Plus Metformin: The Qatar Study

  2017cited by this paper
• Glucagon-like peptide 1 decreases lipotoxicity in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

  2016cited by this paper
• Efficacy and safety of dulaglutide in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a comprehensive review of the dulaglutide clinical data focusing on the AWARD phase 3 clinical trial program

  2016cited by this paper
• SGLT2 Inhibition and cardiovascular events: why did EMPA-REG Outcomes surprise and what were the likely mechanisms?

  2016cited by this paper
• Roles of the Gut in Glucose Homeostasis

  2016cited by this paper
• Pioglitazone after Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack.

  2016cited by this paper
• Trends in Drug Utilization, Glycemic Control, and Rates of Severe Hypoglycemia, 2006–2013

  2016cited by this paper
• Mortality in Individuals Treated With Glucose-Lowering Agents: A Large, Controlled Cohort Study.

  2016cited by this paper
• Effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors on cardiovascular events, death, and major safety outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

  2016cited by this paper
• Diabetes Medications as Monotherapy or Metformin-Based Combination Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes

  2016cited by this paper
• Once-daily delayed-release metformin lowers plasma glucose and enhances fasting and postprandial GLP-1 and PYY: results from two randomised trials

  2016cited by this paper
• METFORMIN: NONGLYCEMIC EFFECTS AND POTENTIAL NOVEL INDICATIONS.

  2016cited by this paper
• Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

  2016cited by this paper
• Treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: current approaches and future directions

  2016cited by this paper
• The Cardiovascular Biology of Glucagon-like Peptide-1.

  2016cited by this paper
• Discordance Between Central (Brain) and Pancreatic Action of Exenatide in Lean and Obese Subjects

  2016cited by this paper
• Empagliflozin and Progression of Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetes.

  2016cited by this paper
• Liraglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes.

  2016cited by this paper
• The incretin effect in healthy individuals and those with type 2 diabetes: physiology, pathophysiology, and response to therapeutic interventions.

  2016cited by this paper
• 5. Prevention or Delay of Type 2 Diabetes

  2016cited by this paper
• Pioglitazone after Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack.

  2016cited by this paper
• SGLT2 Inhibitor-associated Diabetic Ketoacidosis: Clinical Review and Recommendations for Prevention and Diagnosis.

  2016cited by this paper
• Initial combination therapy with metformin, pioglitazone and exenatide is more effective than sequential add‐on therapy in subjects with new‐onset diabetes. Results from the Efficacy and Durability of Initial Combination Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes (EDICT): a randomized trial

  2015cited by this paper
• Incretin‐based medications for type 2 diabetes: an overview of reviews

  2015cited by this paper
• Design and baseline characteristics of the CARdiovascular Outcome Trial of LINAgliptin Versus Glimepiride in Type 2 Diabetes (CAROLINA®)

  2015cited by this paper
• Lixisenatide in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Acute Coronary Syndrome.

  2015cited by this paper
• Physiology of proglucagon peptides: role of glucagon and GLP-1 in health and disease.

  2015cited by this paper
• Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes.

  2015cited by this paper
• CONSENSUS STATEMENT BY THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGISTS AND AMERICAN COLLEGE OF ENDOCRINOLOGY ON THE COMPREHENSIVE TYPE 2 DIABETES MANAGEMENT ALGORITHM--2015 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.

  2015cited by this paper
• Effect of Sitagliptin on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes.

  2015cited by this paper
• Metformin use reduction in mild to moderate renal impairment: possible inappropriate curbing of use based on food and drug administration contraindications.

  2015cited by this paper
• Long-term Effects of Lifestyle Intervention or Metformin on Diabetes Development and Microvascular Complications: the DPP Outcomes Study

  2015cited by this paper
• Natural history of β-cell adaptation and failure in type 2 diabetes.

  2015cited by this paper
• Exenatide Protects Against Glucose- and Lipid-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction: Evidence for Direct Vasodilation Effect of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Humans

  2015cited by this paper
• The Primary Glucose-Lowering Effect of Metformin Resides in the Gut, Not the Circulation: Results From Short-term Pharmacokinetic and 12-Week Dose-Ranging Studies

  2015cited by this paper
• 5. Prevention or Delay of Type 2 Diabetes

  2014cited by this paper
• β-Cell Failure in Type 2 Diabetes: Postulated Mechanisms and Prospects for Prevention and Treatment

  2014cited by this paper
• Cardiovascular outcome trials of glucose-lowering drugs or strategies in type 2 diabetes.

  2014cited by this paper
• Metformin suppresses gluconeogenesis by inhibiting mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase

  2014cited by this paper
• Exenatide once weekly versus insulin glargine for type 2 diabetes (DURATION-3): 3-year results of an open-label randomised trial.

  2014cited by this paper
• Metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease: a systematic review.

  2014cited by this paper
• Pathophysiology and treatment of type 2 diabetes: perspectives on the past, present, and future.

  2014cited by this paper
• Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes, 2015: A Patient-Centered Approach: Update to a Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes

  2014cited by this paper
• Comparative Effects of Prolonged and Intermittent Stimulation of the Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor on Gastric Emptying and Glycemia

  2014cited by this paper
• β-Cell function in type 2 diabetes.

  2014cited by this paper
• Effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 on appetite and body weight: focus on the CNS.

  2014cited by this paper
• Continuous subcutaneous delivery of exenatide via ITCA 650 leads to sustained glycemic control and weight loss for 48 weeks in metformin-treated subjects with type 2 diabetes.

  2014cited by this paper
• Early metabolic defects in Arab subjects with strong family history of Type 2 diabetes

  2013cited by this paper
• Do GLP-1–Based Therapies Increase Cancer Risk?

  2013cited by this paper
• Pharmacology, physiology, and mechanisms of incretin hormone action.

  2013cited by this paper
• Effects of Metformin Versus Glipizide on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Coronary Artery Disease

  2013influential reference
• Saxagliptin and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

  2013cited by this paper
• Alogliptin after acute coronary syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes.

  2013cited by this paper
• Overview of metformin: special focus on metformin extended release

  2012cited by this paper
• Basal insulin and cardiovascular and other outcomes in dysglycemia.

  2012cited by this paper
• Comparative Effectiveness of Sulfonylurea and Metformin Monotherapy on Cardiovascular Events in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

  2012cited by this paper
• Effects of Exenatide on Measures of β-Cell Function After 3 Years in Metformin-Treated Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

  2011cited by this paper
• Relationships Among Insulin Resistance, Type 2 Diabetes, Essential Hypertension, and Cardiovascular Disease: Similarities and Differences

  2011cited by this paper
• Insulin resistance: the link between obesity and cardiovascular disease.

  2011cited by this paper
• Diabetes mellitus, fasting blood glucose concentration, and risk of vascular disease: a collaborative meta-analysis of 102 prospective studies

  2010cited by this paper
• Insulin resistance, lipotoxicity, type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis: the missing links. The Claude Bernard Lecture 2009

  2010cited by this paper
• Pathogenesis of Insulin Resistance in Skeletal Muscle

  2010cited by this paper
• The role of muscle insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of atherogenic dyslipidemia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease associated with the metabolic syndrome.

  2010cited by this paper
• Impact of GLP-1 and GLP-1 receptor agonists on cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes.

  2010cited by this paper
• Long-term effects of metformin on metabolism and microvascular and macrovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

  2009influential reference
• Secondary Failure of Metformin Monotherapy in Clinical Practice

  2009cited by this paper
• From the Triumvirate to the Ominous Octet: A New Paradigm for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

  2009cited by this paper
• Preserved inhibitory potency of GLP-1 on glucagon secretion in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

  2009cited by this paper
• Exenatide effects on diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular risk factors and hepatic biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes treated for at least 3 years.

  2008cited by this paper
• Inappropriate suppression of glucagon during OGTT but not during isoglycaemic i.v. glucose infusion contributes to the reduced incretin effect in type 2 diabetes mellitus

  2007cited by this paper
• Risk of mortality and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes: a comparison of patients treated with sulfonylureas and metformin

  2006cited by this paper
• Effects of metformin and thiazolidinediones on suppression of hepatic glucose production and stimulation of glucose uptake in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review

  2006cited by this paper
• Glycemic durability of rosiglitazone, metformin, or glyburide monotherapy.

  2006cited by this paper
• Dose–response relation between sulfonylurea drugs and mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a population-based cohort study

  2006cited by this paper
• Secondary prevention of macrovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes in the PROactive Study (PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events): a randomised controlled trial.

  2005cited by this paper
• beta-Cell function in subjects spanning the range from normal glucose tolerance to overt diabetes: a new analysis.

  2005cited by this paper
• UK prospective diabetes study (UKPDS)

  2004cited by this paper
• A sustained increase in plasma free fatty acids impairs insulin secretion in nondiabetic subjects genetically predisposed to develop type 2 diabetes.

  2003cited by this paper
• Prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes

  2003cited by this paper
• The GLP-1 derivative NN2211 restores beta-cell sensitivity to glucose in type 2 diabetic patients after a single dose.

  2003cited by this paper
• Glucagon dose-response curve for hepatic glucose production and glucose disposal in type 2 diabetic patients and normal individuals.

  2002cited by this paper
• Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.

  2002cited by this paper
• Decreased mortality associated with the use of metformin compared with sulfonylurea monotherapy in type 2 diabetes.

  2002cited by this paper
• Mechanism by which metformin reduces glucose production in type 2 diabetes.

  2000cited by this paper
• Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33)

  1998cited by this paper
• Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.

  1998cited by this paper
• Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.

  1998cited by this paper
• Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34)

  1998cited by this paper
• Metabolic effects of metformin on glucose and lactate metabolism in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

  1996cited by this paper
• The β-Cell in Diabetes: From Molecular Genetics to Clinical Research

  1995cited by this paper
• Efficacy of metformin in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The Multicenter Metformin Study Group.

  1995cited by this paper
• Insulin resistance and insulin deficiency in the pathogenesis of Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: errors of metabolism or of methods?

  1993cited by this paper
• Mechanism of metformin action in obese and lean noninsulin-dependent diabetic subjects.

  1991cited by this paper
• The natural history of impaired glucose tolerance in the Pima Indians.

  1988cited by this paper

• Metformin vs. second-line therapy for delirium prevention in type 2 diabetes: A multinational study.

  2025cites this paper
• Efficacy and Safety of Triple Fixed Dose Combination of Dapagliflozin + Sitagliptin + Metformin IR in Indian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized, Phase 3 Study in Comparison with Dual FDC Sitagliptin + Metformin IR

  2025influential citation
• Emerging uncertainty on the anti-aging potential of metformin.

  2025cites this paper
• Evaluation of the Antidiabetic Potential of Methanolic Extract of Clerodendrum infortunatum Compared to Metformin in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats

  2025cites this paper
• Fixed dose combination of dapagliflozin, glimepiride and extended‐release metformin tablets in patients with type 2 diabetes poorly controlled by metformin and glimepiride: A phase III, open label, randomized clinical study in India

  2025cites this paper
• Metformin Toxicity Leading to Severe Refractory Hyperkalemia and Metabolic Acidosis: A Case Report

  2024cites this paper
• Comparative Study of Metformin Hydrochloride Tablets in Argentina

  2024cites this paper
• The role of diabetes in metastatic melanoma patients treated with nivolumab plus relatlimab

  2023cites this paper
• In Vitro Investigation of Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Properties of Phenolic-Rich Extract from Stingless Bee Honey (Heterotrigona itama)

  2023cites this paper
• Beyond Blood Sugar: Investigating the Cardiovascular Effects of Antidiabetic Drugs

  2023cites this paper
• Concomitant type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in metastatic melanoma patients could be related to lower level of Lag-3: a transcriptomic analysis on retrospective cohort.

  2022cites this paper
• " Type 2 Diabetes: Contemporary Challenges " Clinical Pharmacology of Antidiabetic Drugs: what can be expected of their use?

  2022cites this paper
• Bioactive compounds in childhood obesity and associated metabolic complications: Current evidence, controversies and perspectives.

  2022cites this paper
• Design and optimization of Metformin-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Neuroprotective effects in a rat model of diffuse traumatic brain injury: A biochemical, behavioral, and histological study.

  2022cites this paper
• Evolving channeling in prescribing SGLT‐2 inhibitors as first‐line treatment for type 2 diabetes

  2022cites this paper
• Trends in First-Line Glucose-Lowering Drug Use in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes in Light of Emerging Evidence for SGLT-2i and GLP-1RA

  2021cites this paper
• Comparative effectiveness and safety of sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors versus metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: An observational study using data from routine care

  2021cites this paper
• Management of type 2 diabetes without insulin: An update for the PCP.

  2021cites this paper
• Recommendations for Practical Use of Metformin, a Central Pharmacological Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes.

  2021cites this paper
• Management of Hyperglycemia in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes

  2021cites this paper
• Role of Genetic and Environmental Factors in Determining the Response to Metformin

  2021cites this paper
• Genotype-phenotype relationships and their clinical implications in inflammatory bowel disease and type 2 diabetes

  2020cites this paper
• The content of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A and TNFα in the blood of patients with type 2 diabetes after therapy with metformin

  2020cites this paper
• Assessment of adverse drug reaction reports

  2020cites this paper
• Traiter le patient diabétique de type 2 à risque : analyse critique des recommandations de l’European Society of Cardiology (ESC)

  2020cites this paper
• Metabolic syndrome in children.

  2020cites this paper
• A review of phenformin, metformin, and imeglimin

  2020cites this paper
• Effectiveness of structured teaching program on improvement of diabetic patient's health information, treatment adherence and glycemic control

  2020cites this paper
• Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome in Children

  2020cites this paper
• Challenging 2019 ESC guidelines for the management of type 2 diabetes.

  2019cites this paper
• Dissonance among treatment algorithms for hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: an egalitarian dialog

  2019cites this paper
• CE: Type 2 Diabetes: A Pharmacologic Update.

  2019cites this paper
• Are the cardiovascular and kidney benefits of empagliflozin influenced by baseline glucose‐lowering therapy?

  2019cites this paper
• Cardiovascular risk and the implications for clinical practice of cardiovascular outcome trials in type 2 diabetes.

  2019cites this paper
• On the utilization of polygenic risk scores for therapeutic targeting

  2019cites this paper
• Metformin in 2019.

  2019cites this paper
• The safety of empagliflozin plus metformin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes

  2018cites this paper
• Metformin Inhibits Mouse Islet Insulin Secretion and Alters Intracellular Calcium in a Concentration-Dependent and Duration-Dependent Manner near the Circulating Range

  2018cites this paper
• Immune and anti-inflammatory factors in the mechanism of therapeutic effect of metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus (analytical review including the results of own researches)

  2018cites this paper
• [Metabolic control or reduction of vascular risk with current treatments. What is the priority?]

  2018cites this paper
• Enfoque terapéutico de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en adultos. Más allá de una meta glucémica

  2018cites this paper
• Not quite type 1 or type 2, what now? Review of monogenic, mitochondrial, and syndromic diabetes

  2018cites this paper
• Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors: Are we targeting old devil with new problems?

  2017cites this paper
• THE CURRENT UTILIZATION OF ORAL MEDICATIONS FOR TYPE 2 DIABETES TREATMENT AT NGHE AN ENDOCRINOLOGY HOSPITAL

  year unknowncites this paper