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Platelet activity measured by a rapid turnaround assay identifies coronary artery bypass grafting patients at increased risk for bleeding and transfusion complications after clopidogrel administration.

T. Rosengart,J. Romeiser,Lauren J. White,Ashley L Fratello,E. Fallon,L. Senzel,A. L. Shroyer

Published 2013 in Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND We sought to establish a metric for easily estimating bleeding and transfusion risks for cardiac surgery patients after antiplatelet agent use. METHODS Deidentified records of patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) at our institution (January 2010-June 2011) were searched for patients without identified risk factors for excessive bleeding who underwent documented P2Y12 testing after clopidogrel administration (n = 276). Clinical outcomes were analyzed according to whether preoperative platelet function was higher (platelet reactivity units [PRUs], ≥237) or lower (PRU, <237) and according to preoperative PRU cutoffs: high (>290, or no clopidogrel), intermediate (200-290), or low (<200). RESULTS Eighty-five patients (57%) received allogeneic blood products at 24 hours or less postoperatively: 33 (22%) received fresh frozen plasma, and 57 (38%) received platelets. The median 12-hour chest tube output (CTO) was 350 mL (interquartile range, 260-490 mL); CTO was "high" (>437 mL) in 62 (42%) of the clopidogrel-treated patients. Lower-PRU patients were more likely to receive coagulation factors (odds ratio [OR], 2.82; P = .0004) and to have high CTO or coagulation factor transfusion (OR, 2.35; P = .02) than higher-PRU patients. Likewise, intermediate- and low-PRU patients had incrementally greater incidences of high CTO (OR, 1.72; P = .002) and coagulation factor transfusion (OR, 2.08; P < .0001) than high-PRU/no clopidogrel patients. High CTO or coagulation factor transfusion was more frequent in intermediate-PRU (OR, 2.67; P = .02) and low-PRU (OR, 5.08; P = .0002) patients than in high-PRU/no clopidogrel patients. CONCLUSIONS Among clopidogrel-treated CABG patients, preoperative platelet function testing can identify those at increased risk for postoperative bleeding and transfusion.

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