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ABSTRACT

MicroRNAs (miRs) are important posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression. Besides their well‐characterized inhibitory effects on mRNA stability and translation, miRs can also activate gene expression. In this study, we identified a novel noncanonical function of miR‐574‐5p. We found that miR‐574‐5p acts as an RNA decoy to CUG RNA‐binding protein 1 (CUGBP1) and antagonizes its function. MiR‐574‐5p induces microsomal prostaglandin E synthase‐1 (mPGES‐1) expression by preventing CUGBP1 binding to its 3′UTR, leading to an enhanced alternative splicing and generation of an mPGES‐1 3′UTR isoform, increased mPGES‐1 protein expression, PGE2 formation, and tumor growth in vivo. miR‐574‐5p–induced tumor growth in mice could be completely inhibited with the mPGES‐1 inhibitor OIL Moreover, miR‐574‐5p is induced by IL‐1β and is strongly overexpressed in human nonsmall cell lung cancer where high mPGES‐1 expression correlates with a low survival rate. The discovered function of miR‐574‐5p as a CUGBP1 decoy opens up new therapeutic opportunities. It might serve as a stratification marker to select lung tumor patients who respond to the pharmacological inhibition of PGE2 formation.—Saul, M. J., Baumann, I., Bruno, A., Emmerich, A. C., Wellstein, J., Ottinger, S. M., Contursi, A., Dovizio, M., Donnini, S., Tacconelli, S., Raouf, J., Idborg, H., Stein, S., Korotkova, M., Savai, R., Terzuoli, E., Sala, G., Seeger, W., Jakobsson, P.‐J., Patrignani, P., Suess, B., Steinhilber, D. miR‐574‐5p as RNA decoy for CUGBP1 stimulates human lung tumor growth by mPGES‐1 induction. FASEB J. 33, 6933–6947 (2019). www.fasebj.org

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