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Breeding strategy and rearing environment effects on the disease resistance of cultured Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

Leandro A Becker,M. Kirkland,J. Heath,D. Heath,B. Dixon

Published 2014 in Aquaculture

ABSTRACT

Abstract Most Pacific salmon farms propagate fish by artificial random mating, which along with artificial hatchery rearing conditions may result in unintentional selection of undesirable traits. Alternatively, salmon can be propagated using outdoor semi-natural raceways that would provide the opportunity for both sexual and natural selection to act on offspring production. We performed a disease challenge on one-year-old smolts of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) to test the effects of breeding strategy and rearing environment on immune function. Farmed sexually mature salmon were bred following traditional aquaculture methods whereas others were allowed to spawn semi-naturally in outdoor spawning channels. The offspring were reared in their natal environment for six months when they were subjected to a reciprocal environment transplant and held for 5 additional months. Subsequently, fish were exposed to a Vibrio anguillarum waterborne challenge. A strong environmental effect on mortality was found for the hatchery-bred fish whereas the channel-bred fish showed no such response, perhaps indicative of a more canalized immune response. A two-way ANOVA resulted in a significant interaction between the breeding/early-rearing strategy and the reciprocal transplanted environment factors (F0.05, 1, 12 = 17.95, P

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