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Regulatory Immune Cells

J. Wing,S. Sakaguchi

Published 2019 in Clinical Immunology

ABSTRACT

Abstract The normal mammalian immune system protects the individual from a myriad of potentially pathogenic microorganisms. However, the immune system must also be tightly regulated to prevent it from recognizing and attacking self-constituents and thus causing autoimmunity. This is partly achieved through central tolerance and the deletion of lymphocytes that recognize self antigens. However, this process is incomplete; some self-reactive lymphocytes are physiologically present in the periphery and capable of causing autoimmunity. This creates a need for peripheral tolerance mechanisms that control the action of such self-reactive lymphocytes. Several types of immunosuppressive lymphocytes are essential for the maintenance of peripheral self-tolerance and immune homeostasis. In this chapter, we will discuss the phenotype, functions, and clinical relevance of these suppressive cell populations, focusing primarily on Foxp3-expressing regulatory T cells and also discussing other suppressive T cells, such as Tr1, and suppressive non–T cells, such as interleukin-10 (IL-10)–producing B cells.

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