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Antarctica’s wilderness has declined to the exclusion of biodiversity

Rachel I. Leihy,B. Coetzee,Fraser J. Morgan,B. Raymond,J. Shaw,A. Terauds,S. Chown

Published 2019 in bioRxiv

ABSTRACT

Recent assessments of the biodiversity value of Earth’s dwindling wilderness areas1,2 have emphasized the whole of Antarctica as a crucial wilderness in need of urgent protection3. Whole-of-continent designations for Antarctic conservation remain controversial, however, because of widespread human impacts and frequently used provisions in Antarctic law for the designation of specially protected areas to conserve wilderness values, species and ecosystems4,5. Here we investigate the extent to which Antarctica’s wilderness encompasses its biodiversity. We assembled a comprehensive record of human activity on the continent (~ 2.7 million localities) and used it to identify unvisited areas ≥ 10 000 km2 (1,6-8) (i.e. Antarctica’s wilderness areas) and their representation of biodiversity. We show that, at best, 7 770 000 km2 of wilderness remains, covering 56.9% of the continent’s surface area, however it captures few important biodiversity features. Important Bird Areas9, ice-free Antarctic Conservation Biogeographic Regions crucial for biodiversity10,11, and areas with verified biodiversity records12 are largely excluded. Our results demonstrate that Antarctica’s wilderness has already declined to the exclusion of much of its biodiversity. But that on a continent set aside as a natural reserve13, increased regulation of human activity and urgent expansion of the Antarctic specially protected area network could feasibly reverse this trend.

PUBLICATION RECORD

  • Publication year

    2019

  • Venue

    bioRxiv

  • Publication date

    2019-01-22

  • Fields of study

    Biology, Geography, Environmental Science

  • Identifiers
    DOI 10.1101/527010
  • External record

    Open on Semantic Scholar

  • Source metadata

    Semantic Scholar

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