Effects of motor preparation and spatial attention on corticospinal excitability in a delayed-response paradigm

The preparation of motor responses during the delay period of an instructed delay task is associated with sustained neural firing in the primate premotor cortex. It remains unclear how and when such preparation-related premotor activity influences the motor output system. In this study, we tested modulation of corticospinal excitability using single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) during a delayed-response task. At the beginning of the delay interval participants were either provided with no information, spatial attentional information concerning location but not identity of an upcoming imperative stimulus, or information regarding the upcoming response. Behavioral data indicate that participants used all information available to them. Only when information concerning the upcoming response was provided did corticospinal excitability show differential modulation for the effector muscle compared to other task-unrelated muscles. We conclude that modulation of corticospinal excitability reflects specific response preparation, rather than non-specific event preparation.

• Publication year

  2007

• Venue

  Experimental Brain Research

• Publication date

  2007-07-19

• Fields of study

  Biology, Medicine, Psychology

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1007/s00221-007-1055-4PMID 17634929
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Expectancy Induces Dynamic Modulation of Corticospinal Excitability

  2007cited by this paper
• Online maintenance of sensory and motor representations: effects on corticospinal excitability.

  2007cited by this paper
• Reduction of cortico-spinal excitability by transcranial magnetic stimulation at predictable timing.

  2005cited by this paper
• Premotor cortex of rhesus monkeys: set-related activity during two conditional motor tasks

  2004cited by this paper
• Attention versus Intention in the Primate Premotor Cortex

  2001cited by this paper
• Neural correlates of visuomotor associations. Spatial rules compared with arbitrary rules.

  2001cited by this paper
• The effects of selective response preparation on corticospinal excitability.

  2000cited by this paper
• Integration of target and body-part information in the premotor cortex when planning action

  2000cited by this paper
• Arbitrary associations between antecedents and actions.

  2000cited by this paper
• The time-course of preparatory spinal and cortico-spinal inhibition: an H-reflex and transcranial magnetic stimulation study in man

  1999influential reference
• Signal-, set- and movement-related activity in the human brain: an event-related fMRI study.

  1999cited by this paper
• Primate spinal interneurons show pre-movement instructed delay activity

  1999cited by this paper
• Reduced excitability of the cortico-spinal system during the warning period of a reaction time task.

  1998cited by this paper
• Human movement initiation: specification of arm, direction, and extent.

  1980cited by this paper

• Preparing to act follows Bayesian inference rules

  2025cites this paper
• Longitudinal study of single-pulse TMS in infants with perinatal brain injury: safety and feasibility

  2025cites this paper
• Premovement activity in the corticospinal tract is amplified by the placebo effect: an active inference account

  2025cites this paper
• Relationship between transcranial magnetic stimulation markers of motor control and clinical recovery in obsessive compulsive disorder/Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: a proof of concept case study

  2024cites this paper
• Interhemispheric inhibition between dorsal premotor and primary motor cortices is released during preparation of unimanual but not bimanual movements

  2023cites this paper
• Experimental environment improves the reliability of short-latency afferent inhibition

  2023cites this paper
• Do Adults with Stroke have Altered Interhemispheric Inhibition? A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.

  2022cites this paper
• Inhibition for gain modulation in the motor system

  2022cites this paper
• Fast acquisition of resting motor threshold with a stimulus–response curve – Possibility or hazard for transcranial magnetic stimulation applications?

  2021cites this paper
• The Effect of Sound and Stimulus Expectation on Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation-Elicited Motor Evoked Potentials

  2021cites this paper
• Augmented tendency to act and altered impulse control in alcohol use disorders

  2021cites this paper
• Response bias reveals the role of interhemispheric inhibitory networks in movement preparation and execution.

  2021cites this paper
• Advanced TMS approaches to probe corticospinal excitability during action preparation

  2020cites this paper
• Neural bases of inhibitory control: Combining transcranial magnetic stimulation and magnetic resonance imaging in alcohol-use disorder patients

  2020cites this paper
• A framework to assess the impact of number of trials on the amplitude of motor evoked potentials

  2020cites this paper
• Motor Imagery Training After Stroke Increases Slow-5 Oscillations and Functional Connectivity in the Ipsilesional Inferior Parietal Lobule

  2020cites this paper
• Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation-Induced Motor Cortex Activity Influences Visual Awareness Judgments

  2020cites this paper
• Prolonged Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Motor Cortex Modulates Cortical Excitability But not Pain Perception

  2020cites this paper
• Short Intracortical Inhibition During Voluntary Movement Reveals Persistent Impairment Post-stroke

  2019cites this paper
• Infraslow activity as a potential modulator of corticomotor excitability.

  2019cites this paper
• Spatial attention and expectations rely on modality-specific and multisensory mechanisms

  2019cites this paper
• TMS-induced motor activation increases visual awareness

  2019cites this paper
• Modality-specific and multisensory mechanisms of spatial attention and expectation

  2019cites this paper
• Motor Conflict: Revealing Involuntary Conditioned Motor Preparation Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation.

  2019cites this paper
• Impulsivity in Parkinson's disease and Tourette syndrome, and human motor decision making

  2019cites this paper
• Accurate Coil Positioning is Important for Single and Paired Pulse TMS on the Subject Level

  2018cites this paper
• Single pulse TMS during preparation for lower limb movement: Effect of task predictability on corticospinal excitability.

  2018cites this paper
• Caractérisation des mécanismes neurophysiologiques qui sous-tendent la préparation de mouvements avec et sans douleur associée : études en stimulation magnétique transcrânienne et mesures comportementales

  2018cites this paper
• Motor-evoked potentials reveal functional differences between dominant and non-dominant motor cortices during response preparation.

  2018cites this paper
• The Influence of Conscious and Unconscious Body Threat Expressions on Motor Evoked Potentials Studied With Continuous Flash Suppression

  2018cites this paper
• Risk Stratification by nTMS via Corticospinal Excitability in Motor Cortex-Related Surgery

  2017cites this paper
• The Number of Pulses Needed to Measure Corticospinal Excitability by Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: Eyes Open vs. Close Condition

  2017cites this paper
• Additive and interactive effects of spatial attention and expectation on perceptual decisions

  2017cites this paper
• Distributed cortical structural properties contribute to motor cortical excitability and inhibition

  2017cites this paper
• Characterizing Cortical and Spinal Markers of Lower Limb Movement Preparation

  2017influential citation
• Modulation of corticospinal output in agonist and antagonist proximal arm muscles during motor preparation

  2017cites this paper
• Vibrotactile cuing revisited to reveal a possible challenge to sensorimotor adaptation

  2016cites this paper
• Minimum number of trials required for within- and between-session reliability of TMS measures of corticospinal excitability.

  2016cites this paper
• Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

  2016cites this paper
• Interhemispheric Inhibition Measurement Reliability in Stroke: A Pilot Study

  2016cites this paper
• Comparison of Motor Inhibition in Variants of the Instructed-Delay Choice Reaction Time Task

  2016cites this paper
• The uses and interpretations of the motor-evoked potential for understanding behaviour

  2015cites this paper
• Action conflict under control: An integrated perspective on action control and its underlying neurophysiological and computational mechanisms

  2015cites this paper
• Nonphysiological factors in navigated TMS studies; Confounding covariates and valid intracortical estimates

  2015cites this paper
• Adaptations of motor neural structures' activity to lapses in attention.

  2015cites this paper
• Simultaneous Brain–Cervical Cord fMRI Reveals Intrinsic Spinal Cord Plasticity during Motor Sequence Learning

  2015cites this paper
• A Physiological Signal That Prevents Motor Skill Improvements during Consolidation

  2014cites this paper
• Optimization of the Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Protocol by Defining a Reliable Estimate for Corticospinal Excitability

  2014cites this paper
• Precision modulation in predictive coding hierarchies: theoretical, behavioural and neuroimaging investigations

  2014cites this paper
• movement sequences Interaction of temporal and ordinal representations in

  2014cites this paper
• Interaction of temporal and ordinal representations in movement sequences.

  2013cites this paper
• Variability of Human Corticospinal Excitability Tracks the State of Action Preparation

  2013cites this paper
• Stimulation of the pre-SMA influences cerebral blood flow in frontal areas involved with inhibitory control of action.

  2013cites this paper
• Paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation reveals probability-dependent changes in functional connectivity between right inferior frontal cortex and primary motor cortex during go/no-go performance

  2013cites this paper
• The effect of advance information about the sequence of a to-be-signaled motor response on corticospinal excitability during the foreperiod

  2012influential citation
• Blood oxygenation changes resulting from trains of low frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation.

  2012cites this paper
• Functional Modulation of Primary Motor Cortex During Action Selection

  2012cites this paper
• Genetic & Environmental risk factors for Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms: Do they affect the same brain?

  2012cites this paper
• Nouns referring to tools and natural objects differentially modulate the motor system.

  2012cites this paper
• Time-Dependent Changes in Human Corticospinal Excitability Reveal Value-Based Competition for Action during Decision Processing

  2012cites this paper
• Action, time, and uncertainty: two types of temporal uncertainty in cognitive motor control

  2012influential citation
• Das Go/NoGo-Paradigma: Gehirnaktivität und kortikale Exzitabilität - eine kombinierte TMS- und fMRT-Studie

  2011cites this paper
• Electrophysiological indices of graded attentional and decision-making processes

  2011cites this paper
• ouns referring to tools and natural objects differentially modulate the otor system

  2011cites this paper
• Model-Based Approaches to the Study of the Neural Basis of Cognitive Control

  2011cites this paper
• Active Inference, Attention, and Motor Preparation

  2011cites this paper
• Behavioral / Systems / Cognitive Evidence for Two Concurrent Inhibitory Mechanisms during Response Preparation

  2010cites this paper
• Evidence for Two Concurrent Inhibitory Mechanisms during Response Preparation

  2010cites this paper
• Brain activation during cognitive planning in twins discordant or concordant for obsessive–compulsive symptoms

  2010cites this paper
• Getting ready to move: transmitted information in the corticospinal pathway during preparation for movement.

  2010cites this paper
• Striatal Prediction Error Modulates Cortical Coupling

  2010cites this paper
• Mechanisms of deficit of visuospatial attention shift in children with developmental coordination disorder: a neurophysiological measure of the endogenous Posner paradigm.

  2009cites this paper
• Excitatory and inhibitory processes in primary motor cortex during the foreperiod of a warned reaction time task are unrelated to response expectancy

  2009cites this paper
• Coding of Visual Space during Motor Preparation: Approaching Objects Rapidly Modulate Corticospinal Excitability in Hand-Centered Coordinates

  2009influential citation
• Role of corticospinal suppression during motor preparation.

  2009cites this paper
• Motor cortical excitability during preparation for a speeded response assessed by transcranial magnetic stimulation

  2009influential citation
• An initial transient-state and reliable measures of corticospinal excitability in TMS studies.

  2009influential citation
• Peripersonal space : a multisensory interface for body-objects interactions

  2009cites this paper
• Corticospinal excitability in human voluntary movement.

  2008cites this paper
• Reduced intracortical inhibition during the foreperiod of a warned reaction time task

  2008cites this paper
• An fMRI study in monozygotic twins discordant for obsessive-compulsive symptoms.

  2008cites this paper
• Neural mechanisms of object-oriented action.

  2008cites this paper
• Report Influence of Uncertainty and Surprise on Human Corticospinal Excitability during Preparation for Action

  2008cites this paper
• Changes in corticospinal excitability and the direction of evoked movements during motor preparation: A TMS study

  2008cites this paper
• Influence of Uncertainty and Surprise on Human Corticospinal Excitability during Preparation for Action

  2008influential citation
• Expectancy Induces Dynamic Modulation of Corticospinal Excitability

  2007cites this paper