{"corpus_id":10062494,"paper_sha":"f650a7de830bf34ae7160b36d10ce6d659ad2182","doi":"10.1038/hdy.2014.29","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":24755983,"pmcid":"4105453","mag_id":1966231666,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"The evolution of genomic imprinting: theories, predictions and empirical tests","year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-04-23","venue":"Heredity","journal":{"name":"Heredity","pages":"119 - 128","volume":"113"},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":["Review","JournalArticle"],"pubmed_pub_types":["Journal Article","Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't","Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.","Review"],"s2_fields_of_study":["Biology","Medicine"],"reference_count":81,"citation_count":133,"influential_citation_count":5,"is_open_access":true,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":[{"d":"Adaptation, Biological","mj":false,"ui":"D000220"},{"d":"Animals","mj":false,"ui":"D000818"},{"d":"Biological Evolution","mj":true,"ui":"D005075"},{"d":"Female","mj":false,"ui":"D005260"},{"d":"Gene Dosage","mj":false,"ui":"D018628"},{"d":"Gene Expression Regulation","mj":false,"ui":"D005786"},{"d":"Genomic Imprinting","mj":true,"ui":"D018392"},{"d":"Humans","mj":false,"ui":"D006801"},{"d":"Male","mj":false,"ui":"D008297"},{"d":"Models, Genetic","mj":false,"ui":"D008957"},{"d":"Organ Specificity","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"genetics","mj":false,"ui":"Q000235"}],"ui":"D009928"},{"d":"Selection, Genetic","mj":false,"ui":"D012641"}],"chemicals":null,"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":5,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/hdy201429.pdf","s2_open_access_landing_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f650a7de830bf34ae7160b36d10ce6d659ad2182","s2_open_access_license":"CCBYNCSA","s2_open_access_status":"HYBRID","pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"The epigenetic phenomenon of genomic imprinting has motivated the development of numerous theories for its evolutionary origins and genomic distribution. In this review, we examine the three theories that have best withstood theoretical and empirical scrutiny. These are: Haig and colleagues’ kinship theory; Day and Bonduriansky’s sexual antagonism theory; and Wolf and Hager’s maternal–offspring coadaptation theory. These theories have fundamentally different perspectives on the adaptive significance of imprinting. The kinship theory views imprinting as a mechanism to change gene dosage, with imprinting evolving because of the differential effect that gene dosage has on the fitness of matrilineal and patrilineal relatives. The sexual antagonism and maternal–offspring coadaptation theories view genomic imprinting as a mechanism to modify the resemblance of an individual to its two parents, with imprinting evolving to increase the probability of expressing the fitter of the two alleles at a locus. In an effort to stimulate further empirical work on the topic, we carefully detail the logic and assumptions of all three theories, clarify the specific predictions of each and suggest tests to discriminate between these alternative theories for why particular genes are imprinted.","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_b0012aa4feb696acfe65816a55473399","status":"active","text":"The kinship theory explains imprinting as a gene-dosage mechanism shaped by differential fitness effects on matrilineal and patrilineal relatives.","confidence":0.95,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_b0012aa4feb696acfe65816a55473399"},{"public_id":"cl_e52c3e54b80d90bd3b6f100afdb7700a","status":"active","text":"The sexual antagonism theory and maternal–offspring coadaptation theory explain imprinting as a mechanism that alters resemblance to the two parents to favor expression of the fitter allele at a locus.","confidence":0.93,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_e52c3e54b80d90bd3b6f100afdb7700a"},{"public_id":"cl_d899906a2158ca236f24d5bfd31d2944","status":"active","text":"The three theories differ in their logic, assumptions, and predictions, and can be discriminated by targeted empirical tests.","confidence":0.91,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_d899906a2158ca236f24d5bfd31d2944"},{"public_id":"cl_e31ad64d90e34241df80fbba111247eb","status":"active","text":"Three theories have best withstood theoretical and empirical scrutiny as explanations for the evolutionary origins and genomic distribution of genomic imprinting.","confidence":0.96,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_e31ad64d90e34241df80fbba111247eb"}],"concepts":[{"public_id":"co_0a3175a4d13ef9d5319d7480e6b31f3e","status":"active","name":"logic and assumptions of all three theories","description":"The underlying reasoning and premises presented for the three imprinting theories.","types":["theoretical framework"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_0a3175a4d13ef9d5319d7480e6b31f3e"},{"public_id":"co_204ed3205f93ee83839af63c1aa0b09e","status":"active","name":"fitter of the two alleles at a locus","description":"The allele at a genetic locus that is expected to provide higher fitness in a given context.","types":["genetic element"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_204ed3205f93ee83839af63c1aa0b09e"},{"public_id":"co_22b7bb20fbbf457de8c6649c10c67a11","status":"active","name":"kinship theory","description":"An evolutionary theory of imprinting that links parent-of-origin expression to gene dosage effects on relatives with different maternal or paternal relatedness.","types":["theory"],"aliases":["Haig and colleagues’ kinship theory"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_22b7bb20fbbf457de8c6649c10c67a11"},{"public_id":"co_34ec1b89a13622776a82e45414e2d7ed","status":"active","name":"maternal–offspring coadaptation theory","description":"An evolutionary theory of imprinting that emphasizes coadaptation between maternal and offspring traits.","types":["theory"],"aliases":["Wolf and Hager’s maternal–offspring coadaptation theory"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_34ec1b89a13622776a82e45414e2d7ed"},{"public_id":"co_458e47af5a5f5c0c2334eb5892aaa2ad","status":"active","name":"resemblance of an individual to its two parents","description":"The extent to which an individual shares traits with its mother and father, used here as the target of imprinting in two of the theories.","types":["phenomenon"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_458e47af5a5f5c0c2334eb5892aaa2ad"},{"public_id":"co_48b67d2235e92a71daff30554a6291e2","status":"active","name":"sexual antagonism theory","description":"An evolutionary theory of imprinting that emphasizes conflicts between male and female fitness interests.","types":["theory"],"aliases":["Day and Bonduriansky’s sexual antagonism theory"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_48b67d2235e92a71daff30554a6291e2"},{"public_id":"co_6c9e150e7ce845a5cbf236fb4b7c1336","status":"active","name":"matrilineal and patrilineal relatives","description":"Relatives connected through the maternal or paternal lineage whose fitness effects are considered in the kinship theory.","types":["relatives"],"aliases":["matrilineal 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