{"corpus_id":10132482,"paper_sha":"b357bde18afdda7a48e28f095a83465b4cc482c6","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV.BIOCHEM.67.1.227","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":9759489,"pmcid":null,"mag_id":2103565638,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"How cells respond to interferons.","year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-09-15","venue":"Annual Review of Biochemistry","journal":{"name":"Annual review of biochemistry","pages":"\n          227-64\n        ","volume":"67"},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":["Review","JournalArticle"],"pubmed_pub_types":["Journal Article","Review"],"s2_fields_of_study":["Biology","Medicine"],"reference_count":314,"citation_count":4240,"influential_citation_count":260,"is_open_access":true,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":[{"d":"Antiviral Agents","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"immunology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000276"},{"q":"metabolism","mj":true,"ui":"Q000378"}],"ui":"D000998"},{"d":"Interferons","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"immunology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000276"},{"q":"metabolism","mj":true,"ui":"Q000378"}],"ui":"D007372"},{"d":"Signal Transduction","mj":true,"ui":"D015398"}],"chemicals":[{"n":"Antiviral Agents","ui":"D000998","reg":"0"},{"n":"Interferons","ui":"D007372","reg":"9008-11-1"}],"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":5,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":"https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.biochem.67.1.227","s2_open_access_landing_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b357bde18afdda7a48e28f095a83465b4cc482c6","s2_open_access_license":null,"s2_open_access_status":"BRONZE","pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"Interferons play key roles in mediating antiviral and antigrowth responses and in modulating immune response. The main signaling pathways are rapid and direct. They involve tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription factors by Janus tyrosine kinases at the cell membrane, followed by release of signal transducers and activators of transcription and their migration to the nucleus, where they induce the expression of the many gene products that determine the responses. Ancillary pathways are also activated by the interferons, but their effects on cell physiology are less clear. The Janus kinases and signal transducers and activators of transcription, and many of the interferon-induced proteins, play important alternative roles in cells, raising interesting questions as to how the responses to the interferons intersect with more general aspects of cellular physiology and how the specificity of cytokine responses is maintained.","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_0f7a659db14cd48ccbe814122ca444cd","status":"active","text":"Activated signal transducers and activators of transcription migrate to the nucleus, where they induce expression of gene products that determine interferon responses.","confidence":0.94,"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale 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interferon-induced proteins have alternative cellular roles, raising questions about how interferon responses intersect with general cellular physiology and maintain cytokine response specificity.","confidence":0.88,"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_297ef3a05f5389b8c5dfb263e3771c43"},{"public_id":"cl_ccbbcacfa2d5a9ec96bea7db2c796886","status":"active","text":"The main interferon signaling pathways are rapid and direct, involving tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription by Janus tyrosine kinases at the cell 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