{"corpus_id":107543565,"paper_sha":"23be394577cb6954a572cc5d23256ee8f46073d8","doi":"10.1016/J.IJHYDENE.2019.02.091","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"mag_id":2921320991,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"Comparative methods for reduction and sulfonation of graphene oxide for fuel cell electrode applications","year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-09","venue":"International journal of hydrogen energy","journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","pages":null,"volume":null},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":[],"pubmed_pub_types":null,"s2_fields_of_study":["Materials Science","Chemistry","Engineering"],"reference_count":41,"citation_count":28,"influential_citation_count":0,"is_open_access":false,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":null,"chemicals":null,"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":1,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":null,"s2_open_access_landing_url":null,"s2_open_access_license":null,"s2_open_access_status":null,"pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"Abstract Graphene oxide (GO) was synthetized, reduced and further sulfonated for the preparation of electrodes. GO was obtained using modified Hummer's method from graphite flakes. The partial reduction of graphene oxide (rGO) was performed by chemical and thermal process and subsequently functionalized using sulfuric acid or aryl diazonium salt of sulfanilic acid as sulfonating agents to afford rGO-SO3H. The influence of the reduction processes on the sulfonation reactions of rGO was evaluated through XRD, TGA, FT-IR and Raman techniques. Electrochemical properties of both rGO and sulfonated rGO materials as modified glassy carbon electrode were evaluated using a K3FeCN6 solution as a reference redox system. XRD confirmed the partial reduction of GO by two methods and FT-IR demonstrated that SO3H groups were successfully grafted on GO. VC results confirmed that both reduction and sulfonated methods leads to a better material with superior electrochemical properties compared to GO and rGO. Thermally reduced GO and functionalized with sulfuric acid [rGOT-SO3H(1)] showed the best electron transfer activity compared to those chemically reduced or sulfonated with sulfanilic acid. The electrochemical properties observed for rGOT-SO3H(1) suggest than can be a suitable support material of nanoparticles for the preparation of electrodes for fuel cells applications.","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_960a0f5dab321f7646b38da81f7c092f","status":"active","text":"Graphene oxide was synthesized from graphite flakes using modified Hummer's method, partially reduced by chemical and thermal processes, and then sulfonated with sulfuric acid or aryl diazonium salt of sulfanilic acid to produce sulfonated reduced graphene oxide.","confidence":0.94,"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_960a0f5dab321f7646b38da81f7c092f"},{"public_id":"cl_b3f79de3c0aff14aa08207e448e4a1e0","status":"active","text":"Reduced and sulfonated graphene oxide materials showed superior electrochemical properties compared with graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide when evaluated as modified glassy carbon electrodes.","confidence":0.86,"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_b3f79de3c0aff14aa08207e448e4a1e0"},{"public_id":"cl_8f7bdc38a287a5582b16842b237e5136","status":"active","text":"Thermally reduced graphene oxide functionalized with sulfuric acid showed the best electron transfer activity compared with chemically reduced materials or materials sulfonated with sulfanilic acid.","confidence":0.9,"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_8f7bdc38a287a5582b16842b237e5136"},{"public_id":"cl_315f61af6841bf955c01bba96880c49c","status":"active","text":"Thermally reduced graphene oxide functionalized with sulfuric acid was suggested as a suitable nanoparticle support material for fuel cell electrode applications.","confidence":0.82,"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_315f61af6841bf955c01bba96880c49c"},{"public_id":"cl_03642dcfbcffee0f27dad9270ea498e7","status":"active","text":"X-ray diffraction confirmed partial reduction of graphene oxide, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed that SO3H groups were grafted onto graphene oxide.","confidence":0.9,"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_03642dcfbcffee0f27dad9270ea498e7"}],"concepts":[{"public_id":"co_0a59f685acd45172546da74d35548b89","status":"active","name":"graphene oxide","description":"An oxidized graphene-based material synthesized here from graphite flakes.","types":["material"],"aliases":["GO"],"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_0a59f685acd45172546da74d35548b89"},{"public_id":"co_2d1d520c53e1914c7cfa96ec56d0a313","status":"active","name":"sulfonated reduced graphene oxide","description":"Reduced graphene oxide functionalized with sulfonic acid groups.","types":["functionalized material"],"aliases":["rGO-SO3H"],"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_2d1d520c53e1914c7cfa96ec56d0a313"},{"public_id":"co_34dbb9d897f05031c9fbc3f30d6688b2","status":"active","name":"nanoparticles","description":"Particles for which the functionalized graphene oxide material is proposed as a support in electrode preparation.","types":["material"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_34dbb9d897f05031c9fbc3f30d6688b2"},{"public_id":"co_51a28dc4959cfef402e24a6639580ab4","status":"active","name":"thermally reduced graphene oxide functionalized with sulfuric acid","description":"The thermally reduced graphene oxide material sulfonated using sulfuric acid.","types":["functionalized material"],"aliases":["rGOT-SO3H(1)"],"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_51a28dc4959cfef402e24a6639580ab4"},{"public_id":"co_60cb1ea5256a97f35cca9625059619c1","status":"active","name":"modified Hummer's method","description":"The chemical synthesis route used to obtain graphene oxide from graphite flakes.","types":["synthesis method"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_60cb1ea5256a97f35cca9625059619c1"},{"public_id":"co_6944aa2b135da1bc79e331879a10c4b3","status":"active","name":"reduced graphene oxide","description":"Graphene oxide after partial reduction by chemical or thermal processing.","types":["material"],"aliases":["rGO"],"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_6944aa2b135da1bc79e331879a10c4b3"},{"public_id":"co_890cfa20fdbd92b6f3c25fae305bd213","status":"active","name":"sulfanilic acid","description":"The acid used in an aryl diazonium salt sulfonating agent for reduced graphene oxide functionalization.","types":["chemical reagent"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_890cfa20fdbd92b6f3c25fae305bd213"},{"public_id":"co_9cd99a032efb35cb2a3715db43804ec1","status":"active","name":"graphite flakes","description":"The graphite starting material used to prepare graphene oxide.","types":["precursor material"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_9cd99a032efb35cb2a3715db43804ec1"},{"public_id":"co_a05ce08422de8a9e9e77c676c8c3194b","status":"active","name":"electron transfer activity","description":"An electrochemical performance measure compared across the reduced and sulfonated materials.","types":["measured property"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_a05ce08422de8a9e9e77c676c8c3194b"},{"public_id":"co_aeeb8c6983ee87fbc28dee0a5a2b2f0d","status":"active","name":"Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy","description":"A spectroscopy technique used to identify functional groups on the graphene oxide-derived materials.","types":["characterization technique"],"aliases":["FT-IR"],"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_aeeb8c6983ee87fbc28dee0a5a2b2f0d"},{"public_id":"co_bb88dc3c57fe813ada32b4ca260f6055","status":"active","name":"fuel cell electrode applications","description":"The intended application area for electrodes prepared with the graphene oxide-derived support material.","types":["application"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_bb88dc3c57fe813ada32b4ca260f6055"},{"public_id":"co_c5d65f6ce61965854f27624d6f2afc29","status":"active","name":"modified glassy carbon electrode","description":"The electrode platform modified with graphene oxide-derived materials for electrochemical evaluation.","types":["electrode"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_c5d65f6ce61965854f27624d6f2afc29"},{"public_id":"co_cc14836df6b0fbf74b77a32f8c2ee1b8","status":"active","name":"electrochemical properties","description":"The electrode behavior measured using a K3FeCN6 reference redox system.","types":["measured property"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_cc14836df6b0fbf74b77a32f8c2ee1b8"},{"public_id":"co_d166189011903773a08f150d9d73d8c4","status":"active","name":"X-ray diffraction","description":"A structural characterization technique used to assess graphene oxide reduction.","types":["characterization technique"],"aliases":["XRD"],"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_d166189011903773a08f150d9d73d8c4"},{"public_id":"co_dc28ec8e1b33c61d1251f89ca7dd9852","status":"active","name":"SO3H groups","description":"Sulfonic acid functional groups grafted onto graphene oxide-derived materials.","types":["functional group"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_dc28ec8e1b33c61d1251f89ca7dd9852"},{"public_id":"co_fe13f829a74fabdbb1ad3b3bce0fb18f","status":"active","name":"sulfuric acid","description":"A sulfonating agent used to functionalize reduced graphene oxide.","types":["chemical reagent"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_fe13f829a74fabdbb1ad3b3bce0fb18f"}],"external_ids":{"DOI":"10.1016/J.IJHYDENE.2019.02.091","ArXiv":null,"PubMed":null,"PubMedCentral":null,"MAG":2921320991,"DBLP":null,"ACL":null},"open_access":{"is_open_access":false,"pdf_url":null,"landing_url":"https://sah.borca.ai/papers/107543565","source":null,"pdf_url_source":null,"license":null,"reason":"pdf_url_not_indexed"},"reference_availability":{"status":"available","references_indexed":true,"full_text_available":false,"full_text_source":null,"count_basis":"semantic_scholar_metadata","extraction_status":"not_applicable","reason":null},"source":{"provider":"episteme2","base_corpus":"semantic_scholar_dump","freshness_mode":"unknown","basis":["semantic_scholar_metadata","postgres_metadata"],"limits":["paper metadata is based on indexed upstream scholarly datasets","claims and concepts are available only for extracted papers","absence of claims or concepts means no extracted graph data is available in this response"],"status":"available","degraded":false,"degraded_reasons":[],"diagnostics":{"status":"available","degraded":false,"degraded_reasons":[],"metadata_status":"available","graph_status":"available","abstract_status":"available"},"source_flags":1},"paper_id":630785,"paper_uid":"cace721f-8880-4241-a7e8-bee0a9607ff7","canonical_identity":{"paper_id":630785,"paper_uid":"cace721f-8880-4241-a7e8-bee0a9607ff7","identity_status":"available","lookup_basis":"semantic_scholar_external_id","compatibility_path":"corpus_id"},"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/papers/107543565"}