{"corpus_id":11197294,"paper_sha":"ee63752a30a78d0a098e815f0c10b87779afa453","doi":"10.4049/jimmunol.142.6.1834","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":2522129,"pmcid":null,"mag_id":1596442600,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"Macrophage factors which enhance the mixed leukocyte reaction initiated by dendritic cells.","year":1989,"publication_date":"1989-03-15","venue":"Journal of Immunology","journal":{"name":"Journal of immunology","pages":"\n          1834-9\n        ","volume":"142 6"},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":["JournalArticle","Study"],"pubmed_pub_types":["Comparative Study","Journal Article","Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"],"s2_fields_of_study":["Biology","Medicine"],"reference_count":0,"citation_count":52,"influential_citation_count":2,"is_open_access":true,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":[{"d":"Adjuvants, Immunologic","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"physiology","mj":true,"ui":"Q000502"}],"ui":"D000276"},{"d":"Animals","mj":false,"ui":"D000818"},{"d":"Colony-Stimulating Factors","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"pharmacology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000494"},{"q":"physiology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000502"}],"ui":"D003115"},{"d":"Culture Media","mj":false,"ui":"D003470"},{"d":"Dendritic Cells","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"immunology","mj":true,"ui":"Q000276"}],"ui":"D003713"},{"d":"Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor","mj":false,"ui":"D016178"},{"d":"Growth Substances","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"pharmacology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000494"},{"q":"physiology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000502"}],"ui":"D006133"},{"d":"Interleukin-1","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"analysis","mj":false,"ui":"Q000032"},{"q":"physiology","mj":true,"ui":"Q000502"}],"ui":"D007375"},{"d":"Lymphocyte Activation","mj":true,"qs":[{"q":"drug effects","mj":false,"ui":"Q000187"}],"ui":"D008213"},{"d":"Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed","mj":true,"ui":"D007959"},{"d":"Macrophages","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"immunology","mj":true,"ui":"Q000276"},{"q":"metabolism","mj":false,"ui":"Q000378"}],"ui":"D008264"},{"d":"Mice","mj":false,"ui":"D051379"},{"d":"Mice, Inbred BALB C","mj":false,"ui":"D008807"},{"d":"Mice, Inbred C3H","mj":false,"ui":"D008809"},{"d":"Mice, Inbred C57BL","mj":false,"ui":"D008810"},{"d":"Molecular Weight","mj":false,"ui":"D008970"},{"d":"Recombinant Proteins","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"pharmacology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000494"}],"ui":"D011994"}],"chemicals":[{"n":"Adjuvants, Immunologic","ui":"D000276","reg":"0"},{"n":"Colony-Stimulating Factors","ui":"D003115","reg":"0"},{"n":"Culture Media","ui":"D003470","reg":"0"},{"n":"Growth Substances","ui":"D006133","reg":"0"},{"n":"Interleukin-1","ui":"D007375","reg":"0"},{"n":"Recombinant Proteins","ui":"D011994","reg":"0"},{"n":"Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor","ui":"D016178","reg":"83869-56-1"}],"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":5,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":"https://journals.aai.org/jimmunol/article-pdf/142/6/1834/1046087/1834.pdf","s2_open_access_landing_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ee63752a30a78d0a098e815f0c10b87779afa453","s2_open_access_license":null,"s2_open_access_status":"BRONZE","pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"Stimulator cells for the allogeneic MLR are dendritic cells but not macrophages (M phi). M phi, however, enhance the MLR initiated by relatively low doses of dendritic cells. The present report demonstrates that the enhancement of the MLR is mediated by two factors produced by M phi. One is IL-1, inasmuch as it has a Mr approximately 15 kDa, and both partially purified IL-1 and rIL-1 also enhance the MLR. The other has been identified as granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF. It had a Mr approximately 25 kDa, and is reproduced by rGM-CSF. Moreover, the MLR-enhancing activity of both the 25-kDa molecule and rGM-CSF have been neutralized by anti-GM-CSF antiserum. Both IL-1 and GM-CSF have autonomous enhancing activity, but they collaborate with each other in enhancing the MLR. Both factors act on DC to augment their stimulatory activity for allogeneic T lymphocytes.","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_e4a136dadb577af4be8fb77a08ca8387","status":"active","text":"Both interleukin-1 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor independently enhance the mixed leukocyte reaction and act cooperatively to increase dendritic-cell stimulatory activity for allogeneic T lymphocytes.","confidence":0.96,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_e4a136dadb577af4be8fb77a08ca8387"},{"public_id":"cl_1055de9c4a7bf76ea30aa6cfb0e6634f","status":"active","text":"Macrophages enhance the mixed leukocyte reaction initiated by low doses of dendritic cells rather than serving as the primary stimulatory cells.","confidence":0.97,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous 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