{"corpus_id":113260740,"paper_sha":"c6ee959deeeef999cf8290ef66801935851171e6","doi":"10.2307/3102278","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"mag_id":2331686706,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"Grist Milling with the Horizontal Waterwheel in the Central Andes","year":1971,"publication_date":"1971-01-01","venue":"Technology and Culture","journal":{"name":"Technology and Culture","pages":"43 - 51","volume":"12"},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":["JournalArticle"],"pubmed_pub_types":null,"s2_fields_of_study":["Agricultural and Food Sciences","Engineering"],"reference_count":1,"citation_count":6,"influential_citation_count":0,"is_open_access":false,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":null,"chemicals":null,"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":1,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":null,"s2_open_access_landing_url":null,"s2_open_access_license":null,"s2_open_access_status":null,"pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"Most traditional societies continue to depend primarily on technological systems retained from an earlier age. In the Central Andes of South America, the essential tasks of food production are still carried out using methods and devices passed down from the Inca period or introduced centuries ago from preindustrial Europe. The principal custodians of these traditional ways of growing and processing crops are Indian peasant farmers, who still predominate in the mountain valleys and basins of Peru, Bolivia, and Ecuador. One element of Old World rural technology that persists among them is the water-driven gristmill. The mills found in this zone are the simplest of all water-moved devices, for they operate by a horizontal wheel requiring no gears. However primitive the mills appear today, their introduction to the Andes after the European conquest significantly improved the processing of grains for human food in that region.","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_44c25641edf703cc24b90eaea25b52ce","status":"active","text":"Indian peasant farmers are the principal custodians of traditional ways of growing and processing crops in the mountain valleys and basins of Peru, Bolivia, and Ecuador.","confidence":0.85,"contributors":[{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":127,"public_id":"yy3835ars5","public_label":"Anonymous 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