{"corpus_id":119966592,"paper_sha":"d0cfbbd5170150d75675576577c02bfcd10a6531","doi":"10.1016/0019-1035(90)90174-8","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"mag_id":1981961201,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"The atmospheric abundance of SO2 on Io","year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-11-01","venue":"","journal":{"name":"Icarus","pages":"1-23","volume":"88"},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":[],"pubmed_pub_types":null,"s2_fields_of_study":["Physics","Environmental Science"],"reference_count":57,"citation_count":28,"influential_citation_count":3,"is_open_access":false,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":null,"chemicals":null,"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":1,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":null,"s2_open_access_landing_url":null,"s2_open_access_license":null,"s2_open_access_status":null,"pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"Abstract Near-ultraviolet spectra of Io have been obtained for the first time at high-resolution with the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) satellite in order to determine the SO 2 abundance in the dayside atmosphere for both the leading (east) and trailing (west_ hemispheres. The improved resolution ( ∼0.2 A ), compared with previous low-resolution observations ( ∼8 A ), is adequate for determination of the spectral contrast of the SO 2 gas absorption. We have compared the derived geometric albedos with various model albedos that would result from proposed SO 2 atmospheres, as well as from localized atmospheres produced by sublimation (on the basis of recent estimates of the distribution of optically thick SO 2 frost and temperature) and by direct volcanic output. Alternatively with a model atmosphere composed of a homogeneous layer, we have placed an upper limit of 2 × 10 17 cm −2 (or 0.0074 cm-atm, corresponding to 4 × 10 −9 bar surface pressure and 2 × 10 11 cm −3 surface density for a 10-km scale height) on the average SO 2 column density for both hemispheres. This upper limit implies that a collisionally thick SO 2 atmosphere of intermediate density may have been present on Io's dayside at the time of our observations. In addition, small atmospheric regions of relatively large density (about an order of magnitude higher than the average upper limit) associated with volcanic plumes are also compatible with the observations. Some intermediate atmospheres may contain sufficiently large SO 2 densities near the evening terminator to reproduce the evening ionospheric profile measured by Pioneer 10 on the leading hemisphere (away from any known volcanic plumes).","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_576ed774d2d35af315accfe8846acfb4","status":"active","text":"A homogeneous-layer atmosphere yields an upper limit of 2 × 10^17 cm^-2 for the average SO2 column density on both hemispheres, corresponding to 0.0074 cm-atm, 4 × 10^-9 bar surface pressure, and 2 × 10^11 cm^-3 surface density for a 10-km scale height.","confidence":0.99,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_576ed774d2d35af315accfe8846acfb4"},{"public_id":"cl_deecfc4a92138d466b40251f8ebd5429","status":"active","text":"High-resolution near-ultraviolet spectra from IUE were used to determine the dayside SO2 abundance on Io's leading and trailing hemispheres.","confidence":0.98,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_deecfc4a92138d466b40251f8ebd5429"},{"public_id":"cl_f5862b29fc1481bdf1658ed25cfe834c","status":"active","text":"Localized high-density atmospheric regions associated with volcanic plumes remain compatible with the observations, at about an order of magnitude above the average upper limit.","confidence":0.93,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_f5862b29fc1481bdf1658ed25cfe834c"},{"public_id":"cl_67ffe4cb77d93d6a2ff6c71444ba34e4","status":"active","text":"That upper limit is consistent with a collisionally thick SO2 atmosphere of intermediate density on Io's dayside during the observations.","confidence":0.9,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_67ffe4cb77d93d6a2ff6c71444ba34e4"},{"public_id":"cl_6f8133fbef3daba6b130b39a8e96c7db","status":"active","text":"The improved spectral resolution of about 0.2 Å was sufficient to determine the spectral contrast of SO2 gas absorption.","confidence":0.95,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_6f8133fbef3daba6b130b39a8e96c7db"}],"concepts":[{"public_id":"co_09d25b216488ead1ce0f581d2059ffed","status":"active","name":"spectral contrast","description":"The difference in reflectance or absorption level across the SO2 absorption features.","types":["spectral 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