{"corpus_id":122781165,"paper_sha":"d0f323d85ee3e6fb0ff59b67eb6d011b2e52caa4","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV.FLUID.34.082301.144051","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"mag_id":2160897928,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"Microstructural evolution in polymer blends","year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-11-28","venue":"","journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics","pages":"177-210","volume":"34"},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":["Review"],"pubmed_pub_types":null,"s2_fields_of_study":["Materials Science"],"reference_count":104,"citation_count":400,"influential_citation_count":3,"is_open_access":false,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":null,"chemicals":null,"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":1,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":null,"s2_open_access_landing_url":null,"s2_open_access_license":null,"s2_open_access_status":null,"pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"▪ Abstract Microstructure in an immiscible polymer blend consists of the size, shape, and orientation of the phases. Blends exhibit many interesting behaviors, including enhanced elasticity at small strains, drop-size hysteresis, enhanced shear thinning, and stress relaxation curves whose shapes are sensitive to deformation history. These behaviors are directly related to changes in the microstructure, which result from phase deformation, coalescence, retraction, and different types of breakup. These phenomena are reviewed, together with models that describe them. Rheological measurements can probe the microstructure because microstructure contributes directly to stress through interfacial tension. Rheo-optical experiments also provide important insights. Droplet theories explain most of the phenomena for Newtonian phases at low concentrations. Behaviors at high volume fractions or with strongly non-Newtonian phases are less well understood.","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_ab0408f5ba659a0ca7b8d465d6d01b14","status":"active","text":"Blends exhibit enhanced elasticity at small strains, drop-size hysteresis, enhanced shear thinning, and stress relaxation curves sensitive to deformation history.","confidence":0.9,"contributors":[{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_ab0408f5ba659a0ca7b8d465d6d01b14"},{"public_id":"cl_a1c868087e74b0fff808c4567ce17206","status":"active","text":"Droplet theories explain most phenomena for Newtonian phases at low concentrations, while behaviors at high volume fractions or with strongly non-Newtonian phases are less well understood.","confidence":0.85,"contributors":[{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_a1c868087e74b0fff808c4567ce17206"},{"public_id":"cl_6ce8a004c19f948e41cb1bed111c4984","status":"active","text":"Microstructural changes result from phase deformation, coalescence, retraction, and different types of breakup.","confidence":0.95,"contributors":[{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_6ce8a004c19f948e41cb1bed111c4984"},{"public_id":"cl_c945335b6de4294628a41c2a1ed522c0","status":"active","text":"Microstructure in immiscible polymer blends consists of the size, shape, and orientation of the phases.","confidence":0.95,"contributors":[{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_c945335b6de4294628a41c2a1ed522c0"},{"public_id":"cl_89096bd50f5849f9eca6e05525eb8b6f","status":"active","text":"Rheological measurements can probe microstructure because microstructure contributes directly to stress through interfacial tension.","confidence":0.9,"contributors":[{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_89096bd50f5849f9eca6e05525eb8b6f"}],"concepts":[{"public_id":"co_4c9fb2275af9c74d15a2009fd300621d","status":"active","name":"stress relaxation curves","description":"Curves describing stress relaxation over time, sensitive to deformation history in blends.","types":["measurement"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_4c9fb2275af9c74d15a2009fd300621d"},{"public_id":"co_5a1b3673ad6f17fb4247566305d582ab","status":"active","name":"retraction","description":"Retraction of deformed phases back toward a relaxed shape in polymer blends.","types":["phenomenon"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_5a1b3673ad6f17fb4247566305d582ab"},{"public_id":"co_677b25b9c854a0b30c3c3a47370132a4","status":"active","name":"enhanced shear thinning","description":"Increased shear-thinning behavior observed in polymer blends.","types":["behavior"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_677b25b9c854a0b30c3c3a47370132a4"},{"public_id":"co_6f0712fb123453a7be003bc52dbf5bb9","status":"active","name":"microstructure","description":"The size, shape, and orientation of phases in an immiscible polymer blend.","types":["phenomenon"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_6f0712fb123453a7be003bc52dbf5bb9"},{"public_id":"co_8734662bef26633b84debed9c2fa5759","status":"active","name":"interfacial tension","description":"Tension at the interface between phases, contributing directly to stress in blends.","types":["property"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_8734662bef26633b84debed9c2fa5759"},{"public_id":"co_8996a748670c286bcddb4ac0ac1c65ba","status":"active","name":"enhanced elasticity","description":"Increased elastic response observed at small strains in polymer blends.","types":["behavior"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_8996a748670c286bcddb4ac0ac1c65ba"},{"public_id":"co_94009f2dd5591e7095fc8047652796fb","status":"active","name":"coalescence","description":"Merging of separate phases in a polymer blend.","types":["phenomenon"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_94009f2dd5591e7095fc8047652796fb"},{"public_id":"co_a97c657b6adbe0d9c2b43e5097845ef8","status":"active","name":"immiscible polymer blends","description":"Polymer blends in which the phases do not mix, exhibiting a microstructure.","types":["material"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_a97c657b6adbe0d9c2b43e5097845ef8"},{"public_id":"co_ab495666ac13e0ebd6ccbf161f0aa272","status":"active","name":"phase deformation","description":"Deformation of the phases in a polymer blend under flow.","types":["phenomenon"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_ab495666ac13e0ebd6ccbf161f0aa272"},{"public_id":"co_ad100ac938b25a301bdf063d65544cc0","status":"active","name":"Newtonian phases","description":"Phases with Newtonian rheology in polymer blends.","types":["material"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_ad100ac938b25a301bdf063d65544cc0"},{"public_id":"co_b3a038ee05329b6b71844ebef9a1bdc7","status":"active","name":"rheological measurements","description":"Measurements of flow and deformation behavior used to probe microstructure in blends.","types":["method"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_b3a038ee05329b6b71844ebef9a1bdc7"},{"public_id":"co_c809dd9d828060fca9a7957c1e309532","status":"active","name":"non-Newtonian phases","description":"Phases with non-Newtonian rheology in polymer blends.","types":["material"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_c809dd9d828060fca9a7957c1e309532"},{"public_id":"co_ccb46354fa2d75d80207d89ae2c4c978","status":"active","name":"breakup","description":"Different types of breakup of phases in polymer blends.","types":["phenomenon"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_ccb46354fa2d75d80207d89ae2c4c978"},{"public_id":"co_d7f99a92465c1fd0fc88d032f0e6a106","status":"active","name":"droplet theories","description":"Theoretical models describing droplet behavior in polymer blends.","types":["model"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_d7f99a92465c1fd0fc88d032f0e6a106"},{"public_id":"co_e773b35fa65890584ca4e75b3ded42ee","status":"active","name":"drop-size hysteresis","description":"A hysteresis effect related to drop size in polymer blends.","types":["behavior"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_e773b35fa65890584ca4e75b3ded42ee"}],"external_ids":{"DOI":"10.1146/ANNUREV.FLUID.34.082301.144051","ArXiv":null,"PubMed":null,"PubMedCentral":null,"MAG":2160897928,"DBLP":null,"ACL":null},"open_access":{"is_open_access":false,"pdf_url":null,"landing_url":"https://sah.borca.ai/papers/122781165","source":null,"pdf_url_source":null,"license":null,"reason":"pdf_url_not_indexed"},"reference_availability":{"status":"available","references_indexed":true,"full_text_available":false,"full_text_source":null,"count_basis":"semantic_scholar_metadata","extraction_status":"not_applicable","reason":null},"source":{"provider":"episteme2","base_corpus":"semantic_scholar_dump","freshness_mode":"unknown","basis":["semantic_scholar_metadata","postgres_metadata"],"limits":["paper metadata is based on indexed upstream scholarly datasets","claims and concepts are available only for extracted papers","absence of claims or concepts means no extracted graph data is available in this response"],"status":"available","degraded":false,"degraded_reasons":[],"diagnostics":{"status":"available","degraded":false,"degraded_reasons":[],"metadata_status":"available","graph_status":"available","abstract_status":"available"},"source_flags":1},"paper_id":633770,"paper_uid":"c47d4a22-e2ce-45b1-af0d-b4fbb454cb34","canonical_identity":{"paper_id":633770,"paper_uid":"c47d4a22-e2ce-45b1-af0d-b4fbb454cb34","identity_status":"available","lookup_basis":"semantic_scholar_external_id","compatibility_path":"corpus_id"},"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/papers/122781165"}