{"corpus_id":123130091,"paper_sha":"6451bf8ef206f86998541e694401fe990de6e48c","doi":"10.1093/BIOMET/57.3.579","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"mag_id":2079708060,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"A generalized Kruskal-Wallis test for comparing K samples subject to unequal patterns of censorship","year":1970,"publication_date":"1970-12-01","venue":"","journal":{"name":"Biometrika","pages":"579-594","volume":"57"},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":[],"pubmed_pub_types":null,"s2_fields_of_study":["Mathematics"],"reference_count":10,"citation_count":1429,"influential_citation_count":58,"is_open_access":false,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":null,"chemicals":null,"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":1,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":null,"s2_open_access_landing_url":null,"s2_open_access_license":null,"s2_open_access_status":null,"pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"A generalization of the Kruskal-Wallis test, which extends Gehan's generalization of Wilcoxon's test, is proposed for testing the equality of K continuous distribution functions when observations are subject to arbitrary right censorship. The distribution of the censoring variables is allowed to differ for different populations. An alternative statistic is proposed for use when the censoring distributions may be assumed equal. These statistics have asymptotic chi-squared distributions under their respective null hypotheses, whether the censoring variables are regarded as random or as fixed numbers. Asymptotic power and efficiency calculations are made and numerical examples provided.","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_897dd857fe81c9494025e4183a2bd440","status":"active","text":"A generalized Kruskal-Wallis test is proposed for testing equality of K continuous distribution functions under arbitrary right censoring.","confidence":0.99,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_897dd857fe81c9494025e4183a2bd440"},{"public_id":"cl_71691399e04345e9940b115b134d3212","status":"active","text":"An alternative statistic is proposed for the case where censoring distributions can be assumed equal.","confidence":0.97,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_71691399e04345e9940b115b134d3212"},{"public_id":"cl_4ee67df05c3795d576d976aa48008506","status":"active","text":"Asymptotic power and efficiency calculations are provided, along with numerical examples.","confidence":0.9,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_4ee67df05c3795d576d976aa48008506"},{"public_id":"cl_9ef77bd39b4de7b358bc494c08906995","status":"active","text":"Both statistics have asymptotic chi-squared distributions under their respective null hypotheses whether censoring variables are random or fixed.","confidence":0.98,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_9ef77bd39b4de7b358bc494c08906995"},{"public_id":"cl_3de91c9a838e46f11b69eb2dc8768200","status":"active","text":"The censoring distribution is allowed to differ across populations in the proposed test.","confidence":0.96,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_3de91c9a838e46f11b69eb2dc8768200"}],"concepts":[{"public_id":"co_031705fbe6928587e5e7ca78276a14fd","status":"active","name":"arbitrary right censoring","description":"A censoring scheme in which observations may be right-censored without restrictive assumptions on the censoring pattern.","types":["data condition"],"aliases":["right censorship"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_031705fbe6928587e5e7ca78276a14fd"},{"public_id":"co_1411c0e0413f392a700196c89d468076","status":"active","name":"alternative statistic","description":"A second test statistic proposed for the equal-censoring case.","types":["statistic"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_1411c0e0413f392a700196c89d468076"},{"public_id":"co_2001a6d007a9f65f9556a664bf6d22f6","status":"active","name":"asymptotic power","description":"The large-sample probability that a test rejects the null hypothesis when an alternative is true.","types":["statistical measure"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_2001a6d007a9f65f9556a664bf6d22f6"},{"public_id":"co_2897797558a3db3d7c750f645bf965d5","status":"active","name":"equal censoring distributions","description":"An assumption that the censoring distributions are the same across populations.","types":["assumption"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_2897797558a3db3d7c750f645bf965d5"},{"public_id":"co_3a52ced92c1430d72567723ec578413f","status":"active","name":"censoring variables","description":"Variables that determine whether and where observations are censored.","types":["variable"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_3a52ced92c1430d72567723ec578413f"},{"public_id":"co_48cb127b76f1043e23cca93c7d2b5a75","status":"active","name":"generalized Kruskal-Wallis test","description":"A rank-based nonparametric test extending the Kruskal-Wallis framework to censored data.","types":["statistical test"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_48cb127b76f1043e23cca93c7d2b5a75"},{"public_id":"co_925ea9cd64bc0ef8a8bb0bf5f37040f5","status":"active","name":"numerical examples","description":"Worked numerical illustrations used to demonstrate the proposed methods.","types":["example"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_925ea9cd64bc0ef8a8bb0bf5f37040f5"},{"public_id":"co_972dcb18df36b2bf4a4af619ce554e32","status":"active","name":"null hypotheses","description":"The hypotheses of equal distribution functions under which the asymptotic distributions are derived.","types":["hypothesis"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_972dcb18df36b2bf4a4af619ce554e32"},{"public_id":"co_97446a2c1327932819f83aa3ee0d4fe7","status":"active","name":"efficiency calculations","description":"Analytical calculations comparing the relative performance of the proposed statistics.","types":["analysis"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_97446a2c1327932819f83aa3ee0d4fe7"},{"public_id":"co_ac9650a08d680ee30f186f92b5ab3714","status":"active","name":"censoring distribution","description":"The probability distribution governing censoring times or censoring variables.","types":["distribution"],"aliases":["censoring distributions"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_ac9650a08d680ee30f186f92b5ab3714"},{"public_id":"co_bf2fb4b1628d6dd121a4d67759e5b06d","status":"active","name":"K continuous distribution functions","description":"A collection of K continuous population distribution functions being compared across samples.","types":["statistical target"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_bf2fb4b1628d6dd121a4d67759e5b06d"},{"public_id":"co_eb285787c60c5c0c3ce7d360737a177e","status":"active","name":"populations","description":"The groups or samples whose distribution functions are compared in the test.","types":["group"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_eb285787c60c5c0c3ce7d360737a177e"},{"public_id":"co_f8ac03a7c5eba958b746ba32343dcd63","status":"active","name":"asymptotic chi-squared distributions","description":"Chi-squared limiting distributions used to characterize the proposed test statistics under the null hypothesis.","types":["distribution"],"aliases":["chi-squared distributions"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_f8ac03a7c5eba958b746ba32343dcd63"}],"external_ids":{"DOI":"10.1093/BIOMET/57.3.579","ArXiv":null,"PubMed":null,"PubMedCentral":null,"MAG":2079708060,"DBLP":null,"ACL":null},"open_access":{"is_open_access":false,"pdf_url":null,"landing_url":"https://sah.borca.ai/papers/123130091","source":null,"pdf_url_source":null,"license":null,"reason":"pdf_url_not_indexed"},"reference_availability":{"status":"available","references_indexed":true,"full_text_available":false,"full_text_source":null,"count_basis":"semantic_scholar_metadata","extraction_status":"not_applicable","reason":null},"source":{"provider":"episteme2","base_corpus":"semantic_scholar_dump","freshness_mode":"unknown","basis":["semantic_scholar_metadata","postgres_metadata"],"limits":["paper metadata is based on indexed upstream scholarly datasets","claims and concepts are available only for extracted papers","absence of claims or concepts means no extracted graph data is available in this response"],"status":"available","degraded":false,"degraded_reasons":[],"diagnostics":{"status":"available","degraded":false,"degraded_reasons":[],"metadata_status":"available","graph_status":"available","abstract_status":"available"},"source_flags":1},"paper_id":637189,"paper_uid":"ef5969a9-ce09-4531-ac29-156d317ce866","canonical_identity":{"paper_id":637189,"paper_uid":"ef5969a9-ce09-4531-ac29-156d317ce866","identity_status":"available","lookup_basis":"semantic_scholar_external_id","compatibility_path":"corpus_id"},"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/papers/123130091"}