{"corpus_id":123667948,"paper_sha":"c9cb657560d752f2ae4336daa47a8e90c7475ca1","doi":"10.1175/1520-0469(1989)046<0410:TSPWSA>2.0.CO;2","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"mag_id":2108915302,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"The Separated Polar Winter Stratopause: A Gravity Wave Driven Climatological Feature","year":1989,"publication_date":"1989-02-01","venue":"","journal":{"name":"Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences","pages":"410-422","volume":"46"},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":[],"pubmed_pub_types":null,"s2_fields_of_study":["Geology","Physics","Environmental Science"],"reference_count":0,"citation_count":139,"influential_citation_count":8,"is_open_access":true,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":null,"chemicals":null,"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":1,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":"http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/1520-0469%281989%29046%3C0410%3ATSPWSA%3E2.0.CO%3B2","s2_open_access_landing_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c9cb657560d752f2ae4336daa47a8e90c7475ca1","s2_open_access_license":"unspecified-oa","s2_open_access_status":"HYBRID","pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"An examination of satellite-derived temperatures reveals that the winter polar stratopause is usually elevated and warmer than the adjacent midlatitude stratopause. This \"separated stratopause\" occurs in both hemispheres, but is more pronounced and persistent in the southern winter. It descends with time towards spring and exhibits week to week variability. Observational diagnostics and results from a two dimensional (2-D) model suggest that gravity wave driving can account for this separated polar stratopause by driving a meridional circulation with downwelling over the winter pole. In the model, the solar heating pattern induces stronger winter westerlies than summer easterlies, which leads to a stronger gravity wave driven circulation in the winter hemisphere. Spherical geometry and the high latitude location of the winter westerly jet combine to yield a concentrated region of downwelling. Model results suggest that descent of the temperature maximum with time is probably caused by wave–mean flow interaction.","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_929d7b0315fa709665ef26976a954ef6","status":"active","text":"Model results suggest that descent of the temperature maximum with time is probably caused by wave-mean flow interaction.","confidence":0.88,"contributors":[{"id":136,"public_id":"3c2apqe3ut","public_label":"Anonymous (3c2apqe3ut)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/3c2apqe3ut"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_929d7b0315fa709665ef26976a954ef6"},{"public_id":"cl_a4a738145a827e66ee35782532598544","status":"active","text":"Observational diagnostics and a two dimensional model suggest that gravity wave driving can produce the separated polar stratopause by driving meridional circulation with downwelling over the winter pole.","confidence":0.92,"contributors":[{"id":136,"public_id":"3c2apqe3ut","public_label":"Anonymous (3c2apqe3ut)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/3c2apqe3ut"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_a4a738145a827e66ee35782532598544"},{"public_id":"cl_cce24f5ae639af9f5b30cc6dd01b861a","status":"active","text":"Satellite-derived temperatures show that the winter polar stratopause is usually elevated and warmer than the adjacent midlatitude stratopause.","confidence":0.95,"contributors":[{"id":136,"public_id":"3c2apqe3ut","public_label":"Anonymous (3c2apqe3ut)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/3c2apqe3ut"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_cce24f5ae639af9f5b30cc6dd01b861a"},{"public_id":"cl_23fc2387b9a25393c228c4e595f0a8c9","status":"active","text":"The separated stratopause occurs in both hemispheres but is more pronounced and persistent during southern winter.","confidence":0.93,"contributors":[{"id":136,"public_id":"3c2apqe3ut","public_label":"Anonymous (3c2apqe3ut)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/3c2apqe3ut"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_23fc2387b9a25393c228c4e595f0a8c9"}],"concepts":[{"public_id":"co_1ca2c6e9ed190935d7913f58c94b47c5","status":"active","name":"winter pole","description":"The polar region of the hemisphere experiencing winter.","types":["geographic region"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":136,"public_id":"3c2apqe3ut","public_label":"Anonymous (3c2apqe3ut)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/3c2apqe3ut"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_1ca2c6e9ed190935d7913f58c94b47c5"},{"public_id":"co_328a201a91b10625d664ad3bd97d71ed","status":"active","name":"winter polar stratopause","description":"The stratopause region located over the winter pole in the atmosphere.","types":["atmospheric region"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":136,"public_id":"3c2apqe3ut","public_label":"Anonymous (3c2apqe3ut)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/3c2apqe3ut"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_328a201a91b10625d664ad3bd97d71ed"},{"public_id":"co_33fb2b89304eeccb9fa98f33242933d5","status":"active","name":"meridional circulation","description":"Atmospheric circulation in the north-south vertical plane associated with polar downwelling.","types":["circulation pattern"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":136,"public_id":"3c2apqe3ut","public_label":"Anonymous (3c2apqe3ut)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/3c2apqe3ut"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_33fb2b89304eeccb9fa98f33242933d5"},{"public_id":"co_6aaf87c8775412a25d07f04ab8f2ef4b","status":"active","name":"satellite-derived temperatures","description":"Temperature measurements inferred from satellite observations and used to examine the stratopause.","types":["measurement"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":136,"public_id":"3c2apqe3ut","public_label":"Anonymous (3c2apqe3ut)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/3c2apqe3ut"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_6aaf87c8775412a25d07f04ab8f2ef4b"},{"public_id":"co_84e490ee8dc2b5bab0423ccb79056162","status":"active","name":"gravity wave driving","description":"Forcing by atmospheric gravity waves that can induce circulation changes in the model and diagnostics.","types":["physical mechanism"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":136,"public_id":"3c2apqe3ut","public_label":"Anonymous (3c2apqe3ut)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/3c2apqe3ut"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_84e490ee8dc2b5bab0423ccb79056162"},{"public_id":"co_96028ac76035536855a524c3b648d017","status":"active","name":"two dimensional model","description":"A 2-D atmospheric model used to test mechanisms for the separated polar stratopause.","types":["model"],"aliases":["2-D model"],"contributors":[{"id":136,"public_id":"3c2apqe3ut","public_label":"Anonymous (3c2apqe3ut)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/3c2apqe3ut"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_96028ac76035536855a524c3b648d017"},{"public_id":"co_a108f713004698146e98d8509dbc8ff4","status":"active","name":"southern winter","description":"The winter season in the Southern Hemisphere considered in the hemispheric comparison.","types":["seasonal setting"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":136,"public_id":"3c2apqe3ut","public_label":"Anonymous (3c2apqe3ut)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/3c2apqe3ut"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_a108f713004698146e98d8509dbc8ff4"},{"public_id":"co_a8e842e55e6d3f65b125dba55eff3775","status":"active","name":"midlatitude stratopause","description":"The stratopause region located at middle latitudes adjacent to the polar stratopause.","types":["atmospheric region"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":136,"public_id":"3c2apqe3ut","public_label":"Anonymous (3c2apqe3ut)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/3c2apqe3ut"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_a8e842e55e6d3f65b125dba55eff3775"},{"public_id":"co_ae283d148abda7fa4ce48116ab08a323","status":"active","name":"temperature maximum","description":"The altitude of peak temperature associated with the stratopause feature.","types":["atmospheric feature"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":136,"public_id":"3c2apqe3ut","public_label":"Anonymous (3c2apqe3ut)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/3c2apqe3ut"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_ae283d148abda7fa4ce48116ab08a323"},{"public_id":"co_b11907e11fe03179d498edec09c78610","status":"active","name":"wave-mean flow interaction","description":"Interaction between atmospheric waves and the background flow that can affect the descent of the temperature maximum.","types":["physical mechanism"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":136,"public_id":"3c2apqe3ut","public_label":"Anonymous (3c2apqe3ut)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/3c2apqe3ut"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_b11907e11fe03179d498edec09c78610"},{"public_id":"co_fe77744b9b202205db0edb8ac2c7c81b","status":"active","name":"separated stratopause","description":"An elevated and warm polar winter stratopause distinct from the adjacent midlatitude stratopause.","types":["phenomenon"],"aliases":["separated polar stratopause"],"contributors":[{"id":136,"public_id":"3c2apqe3ut","public_label":"Anonymous (3c2apqe3ut)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/3c2apqe3ut"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_fe77744b9b202205db0edb8ac2c7c81b"}],"external_ids":{"DOI":"10.1175/1520-0469(1989)046<0410:TSPWSA>2.0.CO;2","ArXiv":null,"PubMed":null,"PubMedCentral":null,"MAG":2108915302,"DBLP":null,"ACL":null},"open_access":{"is_open_access":true,"pdf_url":"http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/1520-0469%281989%29046%3C0410%3ATSPWSA%3E2.0.CO%3B2","landing_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c9cb657560d752f2ae4336daa47a8e90c7475ca1","source":"semantic_scholar","pdf_url_source":"semantic_scholar_open_access_pdf","license":"unspecified-oa","status":"HYBRID","reason":null},"reference_availability":{"status":"unknown","references_indexed":false,"full_text_available":false,"full_text_source":null,"count_basis":"semantic_scholar_metadata","extraction_status":"not_applicable","reason":null},"source":{"provider":"episteme2","base_corpus":"semantic_scholar_dump","freshness_mode":"unknown","basis":["semantic_scholar_metadata","postgres_metadata"],"limits":["paper metadata is based on indexed upstream scholarly datasets","claims and concepts are available only for extracted papers","absence of claims or concepts means no extracted graph data is available in this response"],"status":"available","degraded":false,"degraded_reasons":[],"diagnostics":{"status":"available","degraded":false,"degraded_reasons":[],"metadata_status":"available","graph_status":"available","abstract_status":"available"},"source_flags":1},"paper_id":631789,"paper_uid":"12bff150-be9b-4cbf-8b12-f6112b094c15","canonical_identity":{"paper_id":631789,"paper_uid":"12bff150-be9b-4cbf-8b12-f6112b094c15","identity_status":"available","lookup_basis":"semantic_scholar_external_id","compatibility_path":"corpus_id"},"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/papers/123667948"}