{"corpus_id":127368914,"paper_sha":"f1b317908cc019e88eb7fe262e29ae9fbefb0c7d","doi":"10.1016/J.DSR.2015.05.008","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"mag_id":755551451,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"The fate of the Deep Western Boundary Current in the South Atlantic","year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-09-01","venue":"","journal":{"name":"","pages":"125-136","volume":"103"},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":[],"pubmed_pub_types":null,"s2_fields_of_study":["Geology","Geography","Environmental Science"],"reference_count":47,"citation_count":52,"influential_citation_count":9,"is_open_access":true,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":null,"chemicals":null,"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":1,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":"http://spiral.imperial.ac.uk/bitstream/10044/1/25416/2/DSR1-D-15-00020R1.pdf","s2_open_access_landing_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f1b317908cc019e88eb7fe262e29ae9fbefb0c7d","s2_open_access_license":"CCBYNCND","s2_open_access_status":"GREEN","pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"Abstract The pathways of recently ventilated North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) are part of the lower limb of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). In the South Atlantic these pathways have been the subject of discussion for years, mostly due to the lack of observations. Knowledge of the pathways of the AMOC in the South Atlantic is a first order prerequisite for understanding the fluxes of climatically important properties. In this paper, historical and new observations, including hydrographic and oxygen sections, Argo data, and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), are examined together with two different analyzes of the Ocean general circulation model For the Earth Simulator (OFES) to trace the pathway of the recently ventilated NADW through the South Atlantic. CLIVAR-era CFCs, oxygen and salinity clearly show that the strongest NADW pathway in the South Atlantic is along the western boundary (similar to the North Atlantic). In addition to the western boundary pathway, tracers show an eastward spreading of NADW between ~17 and 25°S. Analyzed together with the results of earlier studies, the observations and model output presented here indicate that after crossing the equator, the Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC) transports water with the characteristics of NADW and a total volume transport of approximately 14 Sv (1 Sv=10 6  m 3  s − 1 ). It crosses 5°S as a narrow western boundary current and becomes dominated by eddies further south. When this very energetic eddying flow reaches the Vitoria-Trindade Ridge (~20°S), the flow follows two different pathways. The main portion of the NADW flow continues along the continental shelf of South America in the form of a strong reformed DWBC, while a smaller portion, about 22% of the initial transport, flows towards the interior of the basin.","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_259f9556cd7f1f29a877cde0540d065e","status":"active","text":"After crossing the equator, the Deep Western Boundary Current carries North Atlantic Deep Water with a total volume transport of approximately 14 Sv.","confidence":0.97,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_259f9556cd7f1f29a877cde0540d065e"},{"public_id":"cl_fe70bc4875dd264ac4076a1a84639d6e","status":"active","text":"At the Vitoria-Trindade Ridge near 20°S, the flow splits into a strong reformed Deep Western Boundary Current along the South American continental shelf and a smaller interior-basin branch of about 22% of the initial transport.","confidence":0.95,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_fe70bc4875dd264ac4076a1a84639d6e"},{"public_id":"cl_a3d5e57056a209a340ce51deb59b83ee","status":"active","text":"North Atlantic Deep Water also spreads eastward between about 17°S and 25°S.","confidence":0.93,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_a3d5e57056a209a340ce51deb59b83ee"},{"public_id":"cl_63265ad92b2f4f65ed81ccc7f369561f","status":"active","text":"The Deep Western Boundary Current crosses 5°S as a narrow western boundary current and becomes eddy-dominated farther south.","confidence":0.96,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_63265ad92b2f4f65ed81ccc7f369561f"},{"public_id":"cl_f82e390c9787e86a45366cca5f94ac0a","status":"active","text":"The strongest North Atlantic Deep Water pathway in the South Atlantic follows the western boundary.","confidence":0.98,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_f82e390c9787e86a45366cca5f94ac0a"}],"concepts":[{"public_id":"co_0c641856945a6a58b92d67f3053e075e","status":"active","name":"western boundary","description":"The western edge of the ocean basin where the dominant deep-water pathway is observed.","types":["geographic feature"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous 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