{"corpus_id":12858777,"paper_sha":"37031f09bdbc7a665b205d42ae53fcb361fc5582","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0051790","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":23240063,"pmcid":"3519903","mag_id":2087113693,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"Turbine Sound May Influence the Metamorphosis Behaviour of Estuarine Crab Megalopae","year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-12-11","venue":"PLoS ONE","journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","pages":null,"volume":"7"},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":["JournalArticle"],"pubmed_pub_types":["Journal Article","Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"],"s2_fields_of_study":["Biology","Medicine","Environmental Science"],"reference_count":46,"citation_count":66,"influential_citation_count":2,"is_open_access":true,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":[{"d":"Animals","mj":false,"ui":"D000818"},{"d":"Brachyura","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"physiology","mj":true,"ui":"Q000502"}],"ui":"D003386"},{"d":"Ecosystem","mj":false,"ui":"D017753"},{"d":"Larva","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"physiology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000502"}],"ui":"D007814"},{"d":"Metamorphosis, Biological","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"physiology","mj":true,"ui":"Q000502"}],"ui":"D008675"},{"d":"Renewable Energy","mj":false,"ui":"D059205"},{"d":"Sound","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"adverse effects","mj":true,"ui":"Q000009"}],"ui":"D013016"},{"d":"Tidal Waves","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"economics","mj":true,"ui":"Q000191"}],"ui":"D055871"}],"chemicals":null,"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":5,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0051790&type=printable","s2_open_access_landing_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/37031f09bdbc7a665b205d42ae53fcb361fc5582","s2_open_access_license":"CCBY","s2_open_access_status":"GOLD","pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"It is now widely accepted that a shift towards renewable energy production is needed in order to avoid further anthropogenically induced climate change. The ocean provides a largely untapped source of renewable energy. As a result, harvesting electrical power from the wind and tides has sparked immense government and commercial interest but with relatively little detailed understanding of the potential environmental impacts. This study investigated how the sound emitted from an underwater tidal turbine and an offshore wind turbine would influence the settlement and metamorphosis of the pelagic larvae of estuarine brachyuran crabs which are ubiquitous in most coastal habitats. In a laboratory experiment the median time to metamorphosis (TTM) for the megalopae of the crabs Austrohelice crassa and Hemigrapsus crenulatus was significantly increased by at least 18 h when exposed to either tidal turbine or sea-based wind turbine sound, compared to silent control treatments. Contrastingly, when either species were subjected to natural habitat sound, observed median TTM decreased by approximately 21–31% compared to silent control treatments, 38–47% compared to tidal turbine sound treatments, and 46–60% compared to wind turbine sound treatments. A lack of difference in median TTM in A. crassa between two different source levels of tidal turbine sound suggests the frequency composition of turbine sound is more relevant in explaining such responses rather than sound intensity. These results show that estuarine mudflat sound mediates natural metamorphosis behaviour in two common species of estuarine crabs, and that exposure to continuous turbine sound interferes with this natural process. These results raise concerns about the potential ecological impacts of sound generated by renewable energy generation systems placed in the nearshore environment.","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_02642744b396eba7f722fa0737882194","status":"active","text":"A lack of difference in median time to metamorphosis in A. crassa between two different source levels of tidal turbine sound indicates that the frequency composition of turbine sound, rather than its source level, is more relevant in driving the metamorphosis response.","confidence":0.75,"contributors":[{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":170,"public_id":"gsgmdx9r6e","public_label":"pupuri (gsgmdx9r6e)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/gsgmdx9r6e"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_02642744b396eba7f722fa0737882194"},{"public_id":"cl_c29b0baef8b670af7432cf3b8ac85531","status":"active","text":"Exposure to natural habitat sound decreases median time to metamorphosis in A. crassa and H. crenulatus megalopae by approximately 21-31% compared to silent control treatments, 38-47% compared to tidal turbine sound treatments, and 46-60% compared to wind turbine sound treatments.","confidence":0.9,"contributors":[{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":170,"public_id":"gsgmdx9r6e","public_label":"pupuri (gsgmdx9r6e)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/gsgmdx9r6e"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_c29b0baef8b670af7432cf3b8ac85531"},{"public_id":"cl_6d4abb1e48f4db925d9034ed1ff6e617","status":"active","text":"Exposure to tidal turbine sound or wind turbine sound significantly increases the median time to metamorphosis of Austrohelice crassa and Hemigrapsus crenulatus megalopae by at least 18 hours compared to silent control treatments.","confidence":0.9,"contributors":[{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":170,"public_id":"gsgmdx9r6e","public_label":"pupuri (gsgmdx9r6e)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/gsgmdx9r6e"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_6d4abb1e48f4db925d9034ed1ff6e617"},{"public_id":"cl_95009059e3ab8f9064e90ac448902bb4","status":"active","text":"Natural habitat sound mediates natural metamorphosis behaviour in Austrohelice crassa and Hemigrapsus crenulatus, and exposure to continuous turbine sound interferes with this natural process.","confidence":0.85,"contributors":[{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":170,"public_id":"gsgmdx9r6e","public_label":"pupuri (gsgmdx9r6e)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/gsgmdx9r6e"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_95009059e3ab8f9064e90ac448902bb4"}],"concepts":[{"public_id":"co_0c4023a432ce86a9fd28a0798e30cbe2","status":"active","name":"silent control treatment","description":"An experimental condition with no added sound, used as the baseline comparison for the other sound treatments.","types":["experimental condition","control"],"aliases":["silent control"],"contributors":[{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":170,"public_id":"gsgmdx9r6e","public_label":"pupuri (gsgmdx9r6e)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/gsgmdx9r6e"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_0c4023a432ce86a9fd28a0798e30cbe2"},{"public_id":"co_205e867c2726e78111989c077324fc6c","status":"active","name":"brachyuran crabs","description":"True crabs (infraorder Brachyura), a group of decapod crustaceans that includes the estuarine species studied here.","types":["taxon"],"aliases":["estuarine brachyuran crabs"],"contributors":[{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":170,"public_id":"gsgmdx9r6e","public_label":"pupuri (gsgmdx9r6e)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/gsgmdx9r6e"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_205e867c2726e78111989c077324fc6c"},{"public_id":"co_34ae705472e70040d3fc5d0346071272","status":"active","name":"Hemigrapsus crenulatus","description":"A species of estuarine brachyuran crab whose megalopae were tested for metamorphosis response to different sound treatments.","types":["species","study organism"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":170,"public_id":"gsgmdx9r6e","public_label":"pupuri (gsgmdx9r6e)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/gsgmdx9r6e"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_34ae705472e70040d3fc5d0346071272"},{"public_id":"co_4c7d2f20cbffc879c7707c12c064bf7b","status":"active","name":"time to metamorphosis","description":"The duration required for crab megalopae to metamorphose into the first juvenile crab stage, measured as the primary response variable in this study.","types":["measurement","outcome"],"aliases":["TTM","median time to metamorphosis"],"contributors":[{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":170,"public_id":"gsgmdx9r6e","public_label":"pupuri (gsgmdx9r6e)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/gsgmdx9r6e"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_4c7d2f20cbffc879c7707c12c064bf7b"},{"public_id":"co_4dfc3a5207de89c60b0c248409f57795","status":"active","name":"settlement and metamorphosis","description":"The process by which pelagic crab larvae settle onto substrate and transform into the benthic juvenile crab form.","types":["biological process"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":170,"public_id":"gsgmdx9r6e","public_label":"pupuri (gsgmdx9r6e)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/gsgmdx9r6e"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_4dfc3a5207de89c60b0c248409f57795"},{"public_id":"co_652737df0dbe35af9b571901a604c38f","status":"active","name":"frequency composition","description":"The distribution of acoustic energy across frequencies within an emitted sound, examined as a factor influencing larval response.","types":["acoustic property"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":170,"public_id":"gsgmdx9r6e","public_label":"pupuri (gsgmdx9r6e)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/gsgmdx9r6e"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_652737df0dbe35af9b571901a604c38f"},{"public_id":"co_6e056d964fbe48dd7416591b7d7863fe","status":"active","name":"tidal turbine sound","description":"Underwater acoustic emissions produced by an operating tidal turbine, used as an experimental sound treatment.","types":["stimulus","treatment"],"aliases":["tidal turbine noise"],"contributors":[{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":170,"public_id":"gsgmdx9r6e","public_label":"pupuri (gsgmdx9r6e)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/gsgmdx9r6e"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_6e056d964fbe48dd7416591b7d7863fe"},{"public_id":"co_8a5d237317c21047231ff3c18942f0ec","status":"active","name":"natural habitat sound","description":"The ambient underwater soundscape recorded in an estuarine mudflat habitat, used as a treatment representing natural acoustic conditions.","types":["stimulus","treatment"],"aliases":["estuarine mudflat sound"],"contributors":[{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":170,"public_id":"gsgmdx9r6e","public_label":"pupuri (gsgmdx9r6e)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/gsgmdx9r6e"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_8a5d237317c21047231ff3c18942f0ec"},{"public_id":"co_94de03e89ce385dd5e2590914e588b70","status":"active","name":"megalopae","description":"The final pelagic larval stage of brachyuran crabs, which settles and metamorphoses into the juvenile form.","types":["life stage"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":170,"public_id":"gsgmdx9r6e","public_label":"pupuri (gsgmdx9r6e)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/gsgmdx9r6e"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_94de03e89ce385dd5e2590914e588b70"},{"public_id":"co_aa15dbfe3153f6295ad9158701ee441d","status":"active","name":"wind turbine sound","description":"Sound produced by an operating offshore wind turbine, used as an experimental sound treatment.","types":["stimulus","treatment"],"aliases":["wind turbine noise","sea-based wind turbine sound"],"contributors":[{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":170,"public_id":"gsgmdx9r6e","public_label":"pupuri (gsgmdx9r6e)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/gsgmdx9r6e"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_aa15dbfe3153f6295ad9158701ee441d"},{"public_id":"co_f2df4aaa58544093c4d8742bc5813ecf","status":"active","name":"Austrohelice crassa","description":"A species of estuarine brachyuran crab whose megalopae were tested for metamorphosis response to different sound treatments.","types":["species","study organism"],"aliases":["A. crassa"],"contributors":[{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":170,"public_id":"gsgmdx9r6e","public_label":"pupuri (gsgmdx9r6e)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/gsgmdx9r6e"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_f2df4aaa58544093c4d8742bc5813ecf"},{"public_id":"co_fbe36e213806a314d68dd32a5aef56dc","status":"active","name":"source level","description":"A measure of the intensity of an emitted sound at its source, compared here between two tidal turbine sound treatments.","types":["measurement"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":170,"public_id":"gsgmdx9r6e","public_label":"pupuri (gsgmdx9r6e)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/gsgmdx9r6e"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_fbe36e213806a314d68dd32a5aef56dc"}],"external_ids":{"DOI":"10.1371/journal.pone.0051790","ArXiv":null,"PubMed":23240063,"PubMedCentral":"3519903","MAG":2087113693,"DBLP":null,"ACL":null},"open_access":{"is_open_access":true,"pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0051790&type=printable","landing_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/37031f09bdbc7a665b205d42ae53fcb361fc5582","source":"semantic_scholar","pdf_url_source":"semantic_scholar_open_access_pdf","license":"CCBY","status":"GOLD","reason":null},"reference_availability":{"status":"available","references_indexed":true,"full_text_available":false,"full_text_source":null,"count_basis":"semantic_scholar_metadata","extraction_status":"not_applicable","reason":null},"source":{"provider":"episteme2","base_corpus":"semantic_scholar_dump","freshness_mode":"unknown","basis":["semantic_scholar_metadata","postgres_metadata"],"limits":["paper metadata is based on indexed upstream scholarly datasets","claims and concepts are available only for extracted papers","absence of claims or concepts means no extracted graph data is available in this response"],"status":"available","degraded":false,"degraded_reasons":[],"diagnostics":{"status":"available","degraded":false,"degraded_reasons":[],"metadata_status":"available","graph_status":"available","abstract_status":"available"},"source_flags":5},"paper_id":633874,"paper_uid":"4538c078-7bdd-43c5-9377-327b194ad2d1","canonical_identity":{"paper_id":633874,"paper_uid":"4538c078-7bdd-43c5-9377-327b194ad2d1","identity_status":"available","lookup_basis":"semantic_scholar_external_id","compatibility_path":"corpus_id"},"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/papers/12858777"}