{"corpus_id":1288693,"paper_sha":"7d53cd79d848eb3bd33150f3a7e3680e3fd3e97f","doi":"10.1128/AAC.44.6.1549-1555.2000","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":10817707,"pmcid":"PMC89911","mag_id":2130436333,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"A New Class of Genetic Element, Staphylococcus Cassette Chromosome mec, Encodes Methicillin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus","year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-06-01","venue":"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy","journal":{"name":"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy","pages":"1549 - 1555","volume":"44"},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":["JournalArticle"],"pubmed_pub_types":["Journal Article","Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"],"s2_fields_of_study":["Biology","Medicine"],"reference_count":37,"citation_count":1106,"influential_citation_count":70,"is_open_access":true,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":[{"d":"Amino Acid Sequence","mj":false,"ui":"D000595"},{"d":"Bacterial Proteins","mj":true,"ui":"D001426"},{"d":"Carrier Proteins","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"genetics","mj":true,"ui":"Q000235"}],"ui":"D002352"},{"d":"Chromosomes, Bacterial","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"genetics","mj":true,"ui":"Q000235"}],"ui":"D002876"},{"d":"Hexosyltransferases","mj":true,"ui":"D006602"},{"d":"Methicillin","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"pharmacology","mj":true,"ui":"Q000494"}],"ui":"D008712"},{"d":"Methicillin Resistance","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"genetics","mj":true,"ui":"Q000235"}],"ui":"D016106"},{"d":"Molecular Sequence Data","mj":false,"ui":"D008969"},{"d":"Muramoylpentapeptide Carboxypeptidase","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"genetics","mj":true,"ui":"Q000235"}],"ui":"D002267"},{"d":"Penicillin-Binding Proteins","mj":false,"ui":"D046915"},{"d":"Penicillins","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"pharmacology","mj":true,"ui":"Q000494"}],"ui":"D010406"},{"d":"Peptidyl Transferases","mj":true,"ui":"D010458"},{"d":"Sequence Alignment","mj":false,"ui":"D016415"},{"d":"Staphylococcus aureus","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"genetics","mj":true,"ui":"Q000235"}],"ui":"D013211"}],"chemicals":[{"n":"Bacterial Proteins","ui":"D001426","reg":"0"},{"n":"Carrier Proteins","ui":"D002352","reg":"0"},{"n":"Penicillin-Binding Proteins","ui":"D046915","reg":"0"},{"n":"Penicillins","ui":"D010406","reg":"0"},{"n":"Peptidyl Transferases","ui":"D010458","reg":"EC 2.3.2.12"},{"n":"Hexosyltransferases","ui":"D006602","reg":"EC 2.4.1.-"},{"n":"Muramoylpentapeptide Carboxypeptidase","ui":"D002267","reg":"EC 3.4.17.8"},{"n":"Methicillin","ui":"D008712","reg":"Q91FH1328A"}],"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":5,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc89911?pdf=render","s2_open_access_landing_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7d53cd79d848eb3bd33150f3a7e3680e3fd3e97f","s2_open_access_license":null,"s2_open_access_status":"GREEN","pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"We have previously shown that the methicillin-resistance gene mecA of Staphylococcus aureus strain N315 is localized within a large (52-kb) DNA cassette (designated the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec [SCCmec]) inserted in the chromosome. By sequence determination of the entire DNA, we identified two novel genes (designated cassette chromosome recombinase genes [ccrA and ccrB]) encoding polypeptides having a partial homology to recombinases of the invertase/resolvase family. The open reading frames were found to catalyze precise excision of the SCCmec from the methicillin-resistant S. aureus chromosome and site-specific as well as orientation-specific integration of the SCCmec into the S. aureus chromosome when introduced into the cells as a recombinant multicopy plasmid. We propose that SCCmec driven by a novel set of recombinases represents a new family of staphylococcal genomic elements.","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_e6519ea65b1fa52ac128e1355091cedc","status":"active","text":"SCCmec, driven by a novel set of recombinases, represents a new family of staphylococcal genomic elements.","confidence":0.75,"contributors":[{"id":170,"public_id":"gsgmdx9r6e","public_label":"pupuri (gsgmdx9r6e)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/gsgmdx9r6e"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_e6519ea65b1fa52ac128e1355091cedc"},{"public_id":"cl_496ed208d6415e4ffa85abaf864e288f","status":"active","text":"The ccrA and ccrB open reading frames catalyze precise excision of SCCmec from the methicillin-resistant S. aureus chromosome and site-specific, orientation-specific integration of SCCmec into the S. aureus chromosome when introduced as a recombinant multicopy plasmid.","confidence":0.9,"contributors":[{"id":170,"public_id":"gsgmdx9r6e","public_label":"pupuri (gsgmdx9r6e)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/gsgmdx9r6e"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_496ed208d6415e4ffa85abaf864e288f"},{"public_id":"cl_c7bfd0d90f65e3ac03bb2c3080c6cbc4","status":"active","text":"Two novel genes, ccrA and ccrB, encode polypeptides with partial homology to recombinases of the invertase/resolvase family.","confidence":0.9,"contributors":[{"id":170,"public_id":"gsgmdx9r6e","public_label":"pupuri (gsgmdx9r6e)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/gsgmdx9r6e"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_c7bfd0d90f65e3ac03bb2c3080c6cbc4"}],"concepts":[{"public_id":"co_098c959e1876b3f477526131341d6f9c","status":"active","name":"site-specific integration","description":"Insertion of the SCCmec element into a specific chromosomal site in a defined orientation.","types":["process"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":170,"public_id":"gsgmdx9r6e","public_label":"pupuri (gsgmdx9r6e)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/gsgmdx9r6e"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_098c959e1876b3f477526131341d6f9c"},{"public_id":"co_0ee53302dcd303d53363ce82cccc0ca2","status":"active","name":"Staphylococcus aureus chromosome","description":"The bacterial chromosome of S. aureus into which SCCmec is inserted and from which it can excise.","types":["biological structure"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":170,"public_id":"gsgmdx9r6e","public_label":"pupuri (gsgmdx9r6e)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/gsgmdx9r6e"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_0ee53302dcd303d53363ce82cccc0ca2"},{"public_id":"co_167845c9f3f0c582c0fedf6acbc0897c","status":"active","name":"mecA","description":"The methicillin-resistance gene of Staphylococcus aureus located within the SCCmec cassette.","types":["gene"],"aliases":["mecA gene"],"contributors":[{"id":170,"public_id":"gsgmdx9r6e","public_label":"pupuri (gsgmdx9r6e)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/gsgmdx9r6e"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_167845c9f3f0c582c0fedf6acbc0897c"},{"public_id":"co_2466e0374e3e60dbb4e53e7807e8df11","status":"active","name":"recombinant multicopy plasmid","description":"A laboratory plasmid vector carrying multiple copies of the ccr genes used to test their recombination activity in cells.","types":["method","resource"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":170,"public_id":"gsgmdx9r6e","public_label":"pupuri (gsgmdx9r6e)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/gsgmdx9r6e"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_2466e0374e3e60dbb4e53e7807e8df11"},{"public_id":"co_4f5ecfb1fd71078c04aa7ee4c568f3dd","status":"active","name":"staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec","description":"A large (52-kb) mobile DNA cassette inserted into the S. aureus chromosome that carries the mecA resistance gene.","types":["genetic element","resource"],"aliases":["SCCmec"],"contributors":[{"id":170,"public_id":"gsgmdx9r6e","public_label":"pupuri (gsgmdx9r6e)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/gsgmdx9r6e"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_4f5ecfb1fd71078c04aa7ee4c568f3dd"},{"public_id":"co_7b756372b9e7fcfc6741b3f5081099ff","status":"active","name":"invertase/resolvase family","description":"A family of site-specific recombinases to which the ccrA/ccrB polypeptides show partial homology.","types":["protein family"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":170,"public_id":"gsgmdx9r6e","public_label":"pupuri (gsgmdx9r6e)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/gsgmdx9r6e"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_7b756372b9e7fcfc6741b3f5081099ff"},{"public_id":"co_b8047ae23129277521f6a5478b00bd96","status":"active","name":"cassette chromosome recombinase genes","description":"Two novel genes identified within SCCmec that encode recombinase polypeptides mediating cassette excision and integration.","types":["gene"],"aliases":["ccrA","ccrB","ccr genes"],"contributors":[{"id":170,"public_id":"gsgmdx9r6e","public_label":"pupuri (gsgmdx9r6e)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/gsgmdx9r6e"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_b8047ae23129277521f6a5478b00bd96"},{"public_id":"co_bddbbae6b598eef0e31f8245efd35d98","status":"active","name":"precise excision","description":"Removal of the SCCmec cassette from the chromosome without altering flanking sequence.","types":["process"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":170,"public_id":"gsgmdx9r6e","public_label":"pupuri (gsgmdx9r6e)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/gsgmdx9r6e"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_bddbbae6b598eef0e31f8245efd35d98"},{"public_id":"co_bfbbbeb23acaaf474ebd91de61bbaf05","status":"active","name":"Staphylococcus aureus strain N315","description":"A methicillin-resistant S. aureus strain used as the source of the sequenced SCCmec DNA.","types":["organism strain"],"aliases":["N315"],"contributors":[{"id":170,"public_id":"gsgmdx9r6e","public_label":"pupuri (gsgmdx9r6e)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/gsgmdx9r6e"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_bfbbbeb23acaaf474ebd91de61bbaf05"},{"public_id":"co_f605dca198d8f8f49b3384fc5b391ea0","status":"active","name":"methicillin resistance","description":"Bacterial resistance to the antibiotic methicillin conferred by the mecA gene.","types":["phenotype"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":170,"public_id":"gsgmdx9r6e","public_label":"pupuri (gsgmdx9r6e)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/gsgmdx9r6e"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_f605dca198d8f8f49b3384fc5b391ea0"}],"external_ids":{"DOI":"10.1128/AAC.44.6.1549-1555.2000","ArXiv":null,"PubMed":10817707,"PubMedCentral":"PMC89911","MAG":2130436333,"DBLP":null,"ACL":null},"open_access":{"is_open_access":true,"pdf_url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc89911?pdf=render","landing_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7d53cd79d848eb3bd33150f3a7e3680e3fd3e97f","source":"semantic_scholar","pdf_url_source":"semantic_scholar_open_access_pdf","license":null,"status":"GREEN","reason":null},"reference_availability":{"status":"available","references_indexed":true,"full_text_available":false,"full_text_source":null,"count_basis":"semantic_scholar_metadata","extraction_status":"not_applicable","reason":null},"source":{"provider":"episteme2","base_corpus":"semantic_scholar_dump","freshness_mode":"unknown","basis":["semantic_scholar_metadata","postgres_metadata"],"limits":["paper metadata is based on indexed upstream scholarly datasets","claims and concepts are available only for extracted papers","absence of claims or concepts means no extracted graph data is available in this response"],"status":"available","degraded":false,"degraded_reasons":[],"diagnostics":{"status":"available","degraded":false,"degraded_reasons":[],"metadata_status":"available","graph_status":"available","abstract_status":"available"},"source_flags":5},"paper_id":631656,"paper_uid":"d8f6520a-fece-439b-972e-50e7fb649385","canonical_identity":{"paper_id":631656,"paper_uid":"d8f6520a-fece-439b-972e-50e7fb649385","identity_status":"available","lookup_basis":"semantic_scholar_external_id","compatibility_path":"corpus_id"},"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/papers/1288693"}