{"corpus_id":128938164,"paper_sha":"2bbde9cf47c55e75a021c643669dd43ba3606c12","doi":"10.1016/J.PROMFG.2015.07.659","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"mag_id":1918066420,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"Towards Understanding the Influence of Environmental Distractors on Pedestrian Behavior","year":2015,"publication_date":null,"venue":"","journal":{"name":"Procedia Manufacturing","pages":"2690-2697","volume":"3"},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":[],"pubmed_pub_types":null,"s2_fields_of_study":["Geography","Environmental Science","Psychology"],"reference_count":4,"citation_count":9,"influential_citation_count":0,"is_open_access":false,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":null,"chemicals":null,"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":1,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":null,"s2_open_access_landing_url":null,"s2_open_access_license":null,"s2_open_access_status":null,"pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"Abstract Although it is known that pedestrians’ injury rate is associated with specific urban environments; to the best of our knowledge, no research had systematically explored the effect of environmental distractions on pedestrian's crossing behavior and safety. The goal of this experiment was to obtain preliminary exploration of environmental distractions that influence pedestrians of different age groups. Eight children aged 7-8, eight children aged 9-10 and twelve adults participated in the experiment that took place in an urban simulated environment in a semi-immersive virtual reality lab. Participants viewed 13 dynamic scenarios that illustrated typical road-side crossing situations. Each scenario included distractors, which were defined by five characteristics: proximity, height, prominence, context relativity and dynamicity. Participants were required to press a designated crossing button as fast as possible, if they felt it was safe to cross, then they were required to state which distractors they remembered out of a checklist. Finally they had to rate their perceived safety of the crossing site. Close, high, prominent or dynamic distractors were more memorable. Scenarios crowded with distractors caused participants to rate the crossing site as less safe for crossing. Children aged 7-8 ranked the crossing sites as safer for crossing in comparison to the other age groups, and regardless of the number of distractors in the scenario. Unlike them, adults and children aged 9-10 showed more sensitivity to the number of distractors in the scene, and ranked the site as more dangerous for crossing when more distractors were visible. A preliminary classification of environmental distractors, according to their influence on pedestrians’ attention and with regard to their age group was created.","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_0f298e1cd5a1497195414824df56f16d","status":"active","text":"A preliminary classification of environmental distractors was developed based on their influence on pedestrians' attention and their age group.","confidence":0.8,"contributors":[{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_0f298e1cd5a1497195414824df56f16d"},{"public_id":"cl_2469b3c3a0dd628d081b2153dde0eb88","status":"active","text":"Adults and children aged 9-10 show greater sensitivity to the number of distractors in a scene, rating the site as more dangerous for crossing when more distractors are visible.","confidence":0.85,"contributors":[{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_2469b3c3a0dd628d081b2153dde0eb88"},{"public_id":"cl_f8e6416f071ac88f4ab86d4a77d32875","status":"active","text":"Children aged 7-8 rate crossing sites as safer for crossing than children aged 9-10 and adults, regardless of the number of distractors in the scenario.","confidence":0.85,"contributors":[{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_f8e6416f071ac88f4ab86d4a77d32875"},{"public_id":"cl_7def40ffc30a0b6a79f84722a356ad4b","status":"active","text":"Close, high, prominent, and dynamic distractors are more memorable to pedestrians than other distractors.","confidence":0.85,"contributors":[{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_7def40ffc30a0b6a79f84722a356ad4b"},{"public_id":"cl_8bf928777a86fa06686c6fde08c89c12","status":"active","text":"Scenarios crowded with more environmental distractors cause pedestrians to rate the crossing site as less safe for crossing.","confidence":0.85,"contributors":[{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_8bf928777a86fa06686c6fde08c89c12"}],"concepts":[{"public_id":"co_1915106d5f8d7ccca5a4de17b42e58a6","status":"active","name":"children aged 7-8","description":"The younger child participant group in the experiment, consisting of eight children aged 7 to 8 years.","types":["population"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_1915106d5f8d7ccca5a4de17b42e58a6"},{"public_id":"co_212f60124afc921df489b2445c94e0c0","status":"active","name":"dynamic scenarios","description":"One of 13 dynamic scenes depicting a typical road-side pedestrian crossing situation, each containing a set of distractors, shown to participants.","types":["stimulus"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_212f60124afc921df489b2445c94e0c0"},{"public_id":"co_3191bac539a8ec4ecc7a3a5b609e13fa","status":"active","name":"distractor characteristics","description":"The five defining characteristics used to categorize each distractor in the scenarios: proximity, height, prominence, context relativity and dynamicity.","types":["measure"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_3191bac539a8ec4ecc7a3a5b609e13fa"},{"public_id":"co_50d86a749dd8251cfecb43d81d1503a3","status":"active","name":"preliminary classification of environmental distractors","description":"An initial classification scheme of environmental distractors developed according to their influence on pedestrian attention and participants' age group.","types":["resource"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_50d86a749dd8251cfecb43d81d1503a3"},{"public_id":"co_973f3cc63d6a8489e51f9e97935b0395","status":"active","name":"urban simulated environment","description":"The simulated urban roadside setting presented to participants within the virtual reality lab.","types":["setting"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_973f3cc63d6a8489e51f9e97935b0395"},{"public_id":"co_9b45f88008688b02a987f923d13ead57","status":"active","name":"semi-immersive virtual reality lab","description":"The semi-immersive virtual reality facility in which the experiment was conducted.","types":["apparatus"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_9b45f88008688b02a987f923d13ead57"},{"public_id":"co_b15b43a92eb57de0e153a39a5dd45dae","status":"active","name":"environmental distractors","description":"Objects or features in the roadside urban scene that can divert pedestrians' attention during crossing decisions, characterized by proximity, height, prominence, context relativity and dynamicity.","types":["phenomenon"],"aliases":["distractors"],"contributors":[{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_b15b43a92eb57de0e153a39a5dd45dae"},{"public_id":"co_b6e0e7f355314d0040f672f2dd4f4460","status":"active","name":"pedestrian crossing behavior","description":"The actions and decisions pedestrians make when determining whether it is safe to cross a road.","types":["behavior"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_b6e0e7f355314d0040f672f2dd4f4460"},{"public_id":"co_c5dfe6230fab972dbb63ee65959a164a","status":"active","name":"adults","description":"The adult participant group in the experiment, consisting of twelve adults.","types":["population"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_c5dfe6230fab972dbb63ee65959a164a"},{"public_id":"co_d4fca976be7fb22bb86ad3564fd3db18","status":"active","name":"children aged 9-10","description":"The older child participant group in the experiment, consisting of eight children aged 9 to 10 years.","types":["population"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_d4fca976be7fb22bb86ad3564fd3db18"},{"public_id":"co_de3ef970fe4264c8126484ab67f9bf2b","status":"active","name":"perceived crossing safety","description":"Participants' subjective rating of how safe a given roadside crossing site was for crossing, collected after each scenario.","types":["outcome"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_de3ef970fe4264c8126484ab67f9bf2b"},{"public_id":"co_ecfa48c80d31ff2231069da66e185684","status":"active","name":"distractor memorability","description":"The extent to which a distractor was recalled by participants from a checklist after completing the crossing decision task.","types":["outcome"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_ecfa48c80d31ff2231069da66e185684"}],"external_ids":{"DOI":"10.1016/J.PROMFG.2015.07.659","ArXiv":null,"PubMed":null,"PubMedCentral":null,"MAG":1918066420,"DBLP":null,"ACL":null},"open_access":{"is_open_access":false,"pdf_url":null,"landing_url":"https://sah.borca.ai/papers/128938164","source":null,"pdf_url_source":null,"license":null,"reason":"pdf_url_not_indexed"},"reference_availability":{"status":"available","references_indexed":true,"full_text_available":false,"full_text_source":null,"count_basis":"semantic_scholar_metadata","extraction_status":"not_applicable","reason":null},"source":{"provider":"episteme2","base_corpus":"semantic_scholar_dump","freshness_mode":"unknown","basis":["semantic_scholar_metadata","postgres_metadata"],"limits":["paper metadata is based on indexed upstream scholarly datasets","claims and concepts are available only for extracted papers","absence of claims or concepts means no extracted graph data is available in this response"],"status":"available","degraded":false,"degraded_reasons":[],"diagnostics":{"status":"available","degraded":false,"degraded_reasons":[],"metadata_status":"available","graph_status":"available","abstract_status":"available"},"source_flags":1},"paper_id":631050,"paper_uid":"60b74d19-70db-4678-90ea-28a8d361e781","canonical_identity":{"paper_id":631050,"paper_uid":"60b74d19-70db-4678-90ea-28a8d361e781","identity_status":"available","lookup_basis":"semantic_scholar_external_id","compatibility_path":"corpus_id"},"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/papers/128938164"}