{"corpus_id":129108694,"paper_sha":"a9f34eb1a1d3f769a99f4841f01ae9f77fa6a1e9","doi":"10.1086/626059","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"mag_id":2044118874,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"Hawaiian Swell, Deep, and Arch, and Subsidence of the Hawaiian Islands","year":1953,"publication_date":"1953-03-01","venue":"The Journal of geology","journal":{"name":"The Journal of Geology","pages":"99 - 113","volume":"61"},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":[],"pubmed_pub_types":null,"s2_fields_of_study":["Environmental Science","Geology"],"reference_count":14,"citation_count":110,"influential_citation_count":0,"is_open_access":false,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":null,"chemicals":null,"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":1,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":null,"s2_open_access_landing_url":null,"s2_open_access_license":null,"s2_open_access_status":null,"pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"Detailed echo-sounder fathograms were obtained in the vicinity of the Hawaiian Islands during the joint Scripps Institution of Oceanography-United States Navy Electronics Laboratory Expedition to the Mid-Pacific, 1950. These fathograms give the first clear picture of the bathymetry in the area. The Hawaiian Ridge is superposed on a broad low rise, the Hawaiian Swell, which is about 600 miles across. Along the base of most of the Hawaiian Ridge is a depressed area, the Hawaiian Deep. Three fathograms demonstrate that the Deep is especially well developed along the northeast side of the southeastern end of the archipelago. Outside the Hawaiian Deep there is a large arcuate arch, the Hawaiian Arch, which is more than 200 miles across and at least 600 miles long. A deep (180-fathom) terrace, which appears to be a drowned shelf, exists along the Mauna Kea and Kohala coasts of Hawaii. Other Hawaiian islands are fringed by terraces to depths as great as 700 fathoms. Three possible origins of the Hawaiian structure are examined: (1) that the structure is related to strike-slip faulting along which there has been great effusion of lava; (2) that the structure is related to crustal buckling and thrust-faulting; and (3) that it is related to vertical forces which have arched up the crust and produced tension fractures out of which lava has poured. It is concluded that the Hawaiian Swell may have been produced by arching of the crust above a zone of divergence between two thermal convection cells in the viscous subcrust. The drowned shelves fringing the Hawaiian Islands are thought to have been produced by isostatic subsidence related to the overloading of the crust. Because of the rigidity and elasticity of the crust, this subsidence has caused depression of the crust beyond the limits of the superposed load to form the Hawaiian Deep. The Hawaiian Arch may be related to an elastic bulge or to the outward displacement of viscous subcrustal rock.","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_1ced1d771541e06e72eac2cd07005dd2","status":"active","text":"Detailed echo-sounder fathograms provide the first clear picture of the bathymetry in the Hawaiian Islands area.","confidence":0.98,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_1ced1d771541e06e72eac2cd07005dd2"},{"public_id":"cl_111fce9a7659c2fbc2f700a06a4ef181","status":"active","text":"The Hawaiian Arch is a large arcuate arch more than 200 miles across and at least 600 miles long.","confidence":0.96,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous 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