{"corpus_id":1325883,"paper_sha":"3a22d63f9e17dede43b048b234b7d90fab201de3","doi":"10.1177/00220345930720010501","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":8418105,"pmcid":null,"mag_id":2121527198,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"Initial Acquisition of Mutans Streptococci by Infants: Evidence for a Discrete Window of Infectivity","year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-01-01","venue":"Journal of dentistry research","journal":{"name":"Journal of Dental Research","pages":"37 - 45","volume":"72"},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":["JournalArticle"],"pubmed_pub_types":["Journal Article","Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."],"s2_fields_of_study":["Medicine"],"reference_count":42,"citation_count":745,"influential_citation_count":32,"is_open_access":false,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":[{"d":"Adult","mj":false,"ui":"D000328"},{"d":"Age Factors","mj":false,"ui":"D000367"},{"d":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"therapeutic use","mj":false,"ui":"Q000627"}],"ui":"D000900"},{"d":"Birth Weight","mj":false,"ui":"D001724"},{"d":"Caregivers","mj":false,"ui":"D017028"},{"d":"Child, Preschool","mj":false,"ui":"D002675"},{"d":"Dental Caries","mj":false,"ui":"D003731"},{"d":"Female","mj":false,"ui":"D005260"},{"d":"Gestational Age","mj":false,"ui":"D005865"},{"d":"Humans","mj":false,"ui":"D006801"},{"d":"Infant","mj":false,"ui":"D007223"},{"d":"Male","mj":false,"ui":"D008297"},{"d":"Mothers","mj":false,"ui":"D009035"},{"d":"Risk Factors","mj":false,"ui":"D012307"},{"d":"Saliva","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"microbiology","mj":true,"ui":"Q000382"}],"ui":"D012463"},{"d":"Streptococcal Infections","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"transmission","mj":true,"ui":"Q000635"}],"ui":"D013290"},{"d":"Streptococcus mutans","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"isolation & purification","mj":true,"ui":"Q000302"}],"ui":"D013295"},{"d":"Tooth Eruption","mj":false,"ui":"D014078"},{"d":"Tooth, Deciduous","mj":false,"ui":"D014094"}],"chemicals":[{"n":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","ui":"D000900","reg":"0"}],"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":5,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":null,"s2_open_access_landing_url":null,"s2_open_access_license":null,"s2_open_access_status":null,"pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"Oral bacterial levels of 46 mother-child pairs were monitored from infant birth up to five years of age so that the acquisition of mutans streptococci (MS) by children could be studied. The initial acquisition of MS occurred in 38 children at the median age of 26 months during a discrete period we designated as the \"window of infectivity\". MS remained undetected in eight children (17%) until the end of the study period (median age of 56 mo). The levels of both MS and lactobacilli in saliva of mothers of children with and without MS were not significantly different. Comparisons between a caries-active cohort colonized by MS (nine of 38) and children without detectable MS revealed similar histories in terms of antibiotic usage, gestational age, and birth weight. Interestingly, half of the children between the ages of one and two years who were not colonized by MS were attended by caretakers other than the mother, while all of the caries-active children during this same time period were cared for by their mothers; the difference was statistically significant. Here we report for the first time that MS is acquired by infants during a defined period in the ontogeny of a child. Support for the notion of a discrete window of infectivity comes from other sources, including animal models.","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_2e092c6bb4c0f3da7f1f306e7436e2e5","status":"active","text":"Among children aged one to two years, non-colonized children were more often cared for by someone other than their mother, whereas all caries-active children were cared for by their mothers.","confidence":0.94,"contributors":[{"id":136,"public_id":"3c2apqe3ut","public_label":"Anonymous (3c2apqe3ut)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/3c2apqe3ut"},{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_2e092c6bb4c0f3da7f1f306e7436e2e5"},{"public_id":"cl_59b0ce85043ec93f14d696f5b0b37e57","status":"active","text":"Maternal salivary levels of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli did not differ significantly between mothers of children with and without detectable mutans streptococci.","confidence":0.96,"contributors":[{"id":136,"public_id":"3c2apqe3ut","public_label":"Anonymous (3c2apqe3ut)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/3c2apqe3ut"},{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_59b0ce85043ec93f14d696f5b0b37e57"},{"public_id":"cl_078ee8d22bce8a947275c0ef03f61549","status":"active","text":"Mutans streptococci remained undetected through the study period in eight children (17%), whose median age at study end was 56 months.","confidence":0.97,"contributors":[{"id":136,"public_id":"3c2apqe3ut","public_label":"Anonymous (3c2apqe3ut)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/3c2apqe3ut"},{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_078ee8d22bce8a947275c0ef03f61549"},{"public_id":"cl_6437c10a1507ec38c9545590bbb0f8e2","status":"active","text":"Mutans streptococci were initially acquired by 38 of 46 children at a median age of 26 months during a discrete window of infectivity.","confidence":0.98,"contributors":[{"id":136,"public_id":"3c2apqe3ut","public_label":"Anonymous (3c2apqe3ut)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/3c2apqe3ut"},{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_6437c10a1507ec38c9545590bbb0f8e2"}],"concepts":[{"public_id":"co_08bb713b1ca50b3af8ff0977feb4349a","status":"active","name":"initial acquisition of mutans streptococci","description":"The first detection of mutans streptococci in a child during longitudinal monitoring.","types":["colonization event"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":136,"public_id":"3c2apqe3ut","public_label":"Anonymous (3c2apqe3ut)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/3c2apqe3ut"},{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_08bb713b1ca50b3af8ff0977feb4349a"},{"public_id":"co_15d75e89f8a377f57d6a6a987b7bd589","status":"active","name":"mutans streptococci colonization","description":"The presence of detectable mutans streptococci in a child.","types":["microbial status"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":136,"public_id":"3c2apqe3ut","public_label":"Anonymous (3c2apqe3ut)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/3c2apqe3ut"},{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_15d75e89f8a377f57d6a6a987b7bd589"},{"public_id":"co_18f7e4e11670dc4da3373d7ddbc5c2ef","status":"active","name":"maternal saliva","description":"Saliva from mothers in which mutans streptococci and lactobacilli levels were assessed.","types":["biological specimen"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":136,"public_id":"3c2apqe3ut","public_label":"Anonymous (3c2apqe3ut)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/3c2apqe3ut"},{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_18f7e4e11670dc4da3373d7ddbc5c2ef"},{"public_id":"co_2ddaea79301da6260d166f43fddff34d","status":"active","name":"window of infectivity","description":"The discrete developmental period during which infants initially acquired mutans streptococci.","types":["developmental period"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":136,"public_id":"3c2apqe3ut","public_label":"Anonymous (3c2apqe3ut)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/3c2apqe3ut"},{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_2ddaea79301da6260d166f43fddff34d"},{"public_id":"co_355e9c4a7d6928f7d1f51ddc64cc3af2","status":"active","name":"oral bacterial monitoring","description":"Repeated measurement of bacterial levels in mother-child pairs from birth through early childhood.","types":["longitudinal measurement"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":136,"public_id":"3c2apqe3ut","public_label":"Anonymous (3c2apqe3ut)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/3c2apqe3ut"},{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_355e9c4a7d6928f7d1f51ddc64cc3af2"},{"public_id":"co_58d77b508ff9990c696596a9e57b7661","status":"active","name":"mutans streptococci","description":"A group of oral bacteria whose acquisition and detection in infants were monitored.","types":["bacterial group"],"aliases":["MS"],"contributors":[{"id":136,"public_id":"3c2apqe3ut","public_label":"Anonymous (3c2apqe3ut)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/3c2apqe3ut"},{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_58d77b508ff9990c696596a9e57b7661"},{"public_id":"co_965158d65e2ecf615965caadb13ef5cd","status":"active","name":"caretaker attendance","description":"Whether a child was cared for by the mother or by another caretaker.","types":["caregiving factor"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":136,"public_id":"3c2apqe3ut","public_label":"Anonymous (3c2apqe3ut)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/3c2apqe3ut"},{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_965158d65e2ecf615965caadb13ef5cd"},{"public_id":"co_9b59ce22f1d1bd5bb8d1d3e7011a653e","status":"active","name":"lactobacilli","description":"Oral bacteria measured in maternal saliva alongside mutans streptococci.","types":["bacterial group"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":136,"public_id":"3c2apqe3ut","public_label":"Anonymous (3c2apqe3ut)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/3c2apqe3ut"},{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_9b59ce22f1d1bd5bb8d1d3e7011a653e"},{"public_id":"co_a2991d03d4f326d48ebd8d1c89b7464a","status":"active","name":"gestational age","description":"The duration of pregnancy before a child's birth considered in group comparisons.","types":["birth variable"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":136,"public_id":"3c2apqe3ut","public_label":"Anonymous (3c2apqe3ut)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/3c2apqe3ut"},{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_a2991d03d4f326d48ebd8d1c89b7464a"},{"public_id":"co_b09aecdcbc569b77f3f6830777f8ab24","status":"active","name":"antibiotic usage","description":"Children's history of antibiotic use considered in comparisons between participant groups.","types":["clinical history variable"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":136,"public_id":"3c2apqe3ut","public_label":"Anonymous (3c2apqe3ut)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/3c2apqe3ut"},{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_b09aecdcbc569b77f3f6830777f8ab24"},{"public_id":"co_bf5b33a38e9caff5019536c1531f82b7","status":"active","name":"caries-active children","description":"Children with active dental caries who were colonized by mutans streptococci in the cohort.","types":["participant group"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":136,"public_id":"3c2apqe3ut","public_label":"Anonymous (3c2apqe3ut)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/3c2apqe3ut"},{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_bf5b33a38e9caff5019536c1531f82b7"},{"public_id":"co_de8699f951f16c6eb1b518552e8a3920","status":"active","name":"birth weight","description":"A child's weight at birth considered in group comparisons.","types":["birth variable"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":136,"public_id":"3c2apqe3ut","public_label":"Anonymous (3c2apqe3ut)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/3c2apqe3ut"},{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_de8699f951f16c6eb1b518552e8a3920"}],"external_ids":{"DOI":"10.1177/00220345930720010501","ArXiv":null,"PubMed":8418105,"PubMedCentral":null,"MAG":2121527198,"DBLP":null,"ACL":null},"open_access":{"is_open_access":false,"pdf_url":null,"landing_url":"https://sah.borca.ai/papers/1325883","source":null,"pdf_url_source":null,"license":null,"reason":"pdf_url_not_indexed"},"reference_availability":{"status":"available","references_indexed":true,"full_text_available":false,"full_text_source":null,"count_basis":"semantic_scholar_metadata","extraction_status":"not_applicable","reason":null},"source":{"provider":"episteme2","base_corpus":"semantic_scholar_dump","freshness_mode":"unknown","basis":["semantic_scholar_metadata","postgres_metadata"],"limits":["paper metadata is based on indexed upstream scholarly datasets","claims and concepts are available only for extracted papers","absence of claims or concepts means no extracted graph data is available in this response"],"status":"available","degraded":false,"degraded_reasons":[],"diagnostics":{"status":"available","degraded":false,"degraded_reasons":[],"metadata_status":"available","graph_status":"available","abstract_status":"available"},"source_flags":5},"paper_id":637767,"paper_uid":"87710d63-a962-4be2-975a-47b62d44e384","canonical_identity":{"paper_id":637767,"paper_uid":"87710d63-a962-4be2-975a-47b62d44e384","identity_status":"available","lookup_basis":"semantic_scholar_external_id","compatibility_path":"corpus_id"},"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/papers/1325883"}