{"corpus_id":13286269,"paper_sha":"2ea8630d45ba87d1e3b7cc9717f97fa09f8e7d4e","doi":"10.1186/1475-2875-6-8","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":17241459,"pmcid":"1783659","mag_id":1490428665,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"Host choice and human blood index of Anopheles pseudopunctipennis in a village of the Andean valleys of Bolivia","year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-01-22","venue":"Malaria Journal","journal":{"name":"Malaria Journal","pages":"8 - 8","volume":"6"},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":["JournalArticle","Review"],"pubmed_pub_types":["Journal Article","Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"],"s2_fields_of_study":["Biology","Medicine","Environmental Science"],"reference_count":55,"citation_count":80,"influential_citation_count":6,"is_open_access":true,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":[{"d":"Animals","mj":false,"ui":"D000818"},{"d":"Anopheles","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"parasitology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000469"},{"q":"physiology","mj":true,"ui":"Q000502"}],"ui":"D000852"},{"d":"Blood","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"parasitology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000469"}],"ui":"D001769"},{"d":"Bolivia","mj":false,"ui":"D001838"},{"d":"Dogs","mj":false,"ui":"D004285"},{"d":"Equidae","mj":false,"ui":"D018397"},{"d":"Feeding Behavior","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"physiology","mj":true,"ui":"Q000502"}],"ui":"D005247"},{"d":"Goats","mj":false,"ui":"D006041"},{"d":"Humans","mj":false,"ui":"D006801"},{"d":"Insect Bites and Stings","mj":false,"ui":"D007299"},{"d":"Insect Vectors","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"parasitology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000469"},{"q":"physiology","mj":true,"ui":"Q000502"}],"ui":"D007303"},{"d":"Malaria, Vivax","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"prevention & control","mj":false,"ui":"Q000517"},{"q":"transmission","mj":false,"ui":"Q000635"}],"ui":"D016780"},{"d":"Rural Population","mj":true,"ui":"D012424"},{"d":"Sheep","mj":false,"ui":"D012756"}],"chemicals":null,"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":5,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":"https://malariajournal.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1475-2875-6-8","s2_open_access_landing_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2ea8630d45ba87d1e3b7cc9717f97fa09f8e7d4e","s2_open_access_license":"CCBY","s2_open_access_status":"GOLD","pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"BackgroundThe Human Blood Index (HBI, proportion of bloodmeals of a mosquito population obtained from man) is relevant to epidemiological assessment and to the modification of measures to interrupt malaria transmission since the vectorial capacity of the vector varies as the square of the HBI. Anopheles pseudopunctipennis is a main malaria vector in South America. Unfortunately, few data exist concerning HBI values in its range of distribution and none from Bolivia where this species is considered as an important malaria vector in the central Andes.MethodsThe host choice of An. pseudopunctipennis has been studied in Mataral, a characteristic village of the central Andes of Bolivia. Mosquito host feeding preference experiments (equal accessibility to host in homogenous environment) were monitored using baited mosquito nets in latin square designs. Host feeding selection experiments (natural feeding pattern in heterogeneous environment) was measured by bloodmeal analysis, using ELISA to determine the origin of blood. Mosquito bloodmeals were collected on various occasions, using various techniques in a variety of sampling sites. A survey of the possible blood sources has also been carried out in the village. Data were analysed with the forage ratio method.ResultsAn. pseudopunctipennis chooses amongst hosts. Sheep, goats, donkeys and humans are the preferred hosts, while dogs, pigs and chicken are rarely bitten. An. pseudopunctipennis has an opportunistic behaviour, in particular within the preferred hosts. The HBI in Mataral is ≈40% and in the central Andes, may range from 30–50%, in accordance to other findings. A high proportion of mixed meals were encountered (8%), and cryptic meals are likely more numerous. There was no difference amongst the HBI from parous and nulliparous mosquitoes.ConclusionForage ratio analysis is a powerful tool to interpret mosquito host choices. However, refinements in sampling strategies are still needed to derive accurate and precise HBIs that could be computed to compare or follow epidemiological situations. The low antropophily of An. pseudopunctipennis, associated with changing environmental conditions, leads to unstable malaria (Plasmodium vivax) transmission in the central Andes. The opportunistic behaviour of this vector may be used to attract mosquitoes to insecticide. Zooprophylaxis is a promising alternative control strategy.","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_cff7c4b24cfac8cde08354ea5b547a1b","status":"active","text":"A high proportion of mixed bloodmeals (8%) was encountered, with cryptic mixed meals likely more numerous.","confidence":0.9,"contributors":[{"id":171,"public_id":"b9tnx83g25","public_label":"eunsjani (b9tnx83g25)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b9tnx83g25"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_cff7c4b24cfac8cde08354ea5b547a1b"},{"public_id":"cl_94d2c45b04aa47d2cc3860295ad02467","status":"active","text":"An. pseudopunctipennis preferentially feeds on sheep, goats, donkeys, and humans, while dogs, pigs, and chickens are rarely bitten.","confidence":0.95,"contributors":[{"id":171,"public_id":"b9tnx83g25","public_label":"eunsjani (b9tnx83g25)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b9tnx83g25"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_94d2c45b04aa47d2cc3860295ad02467"},{"public_id":"cl_ea0fa17739a403074e5280d5a8ae1a1f","status":"active","text":"No difference in Human Blood Index was found between parous and nulliparous An. pseudopunctipennis mosquitoes.","confidence":0.9,"contributors":[{"id":171,"public_id":"b9tnx83g25","public_label":"eunsjani (b9tnx83g25)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b9tnx83g25"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"},{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_ea0fa17739a403074e5280d5a8ae1a1f"},{"public_id":"cl_4b830764e7a4df6da8f9eab2c84fb554","status":"active","text":"The Human Blood Index in Mataral is approximately 40%, and across the central Andes may range from 30–50%.","confidence":0.93,"contributors":[{"id":171,"public_id":"b9tnx83g25","public_label":"eunsjani 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