{"corpus_id":137470619,"paper_sha":"3f1a4d8bbdd561660e06a1adeae8e3aa8600215c","doi":"10.1108/13552540810862028","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"mag_id":2021883569,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"Effect of processing conditions on the bonding quality of FDM polymer filaments","year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-03-28","venue":"","journal":{"name":"Rapid Prototyping Journal","pages":"72-80","volume":"14"},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":[],"pubmed_pub_types":null,"s2_fields_of_study":["Materials Science","Engineering"],"reference_count":29,"citation_count":1180,"influential_citation_count":37,"is_open_access":false,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":null,"chemicals":null,"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":1,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":null,"s2_open_access_landing_url":null,"s2_open_access_license":null,"s2_open_access_status":null,"pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the mechanisms controlling the bond formation among extruded polymer filaments in the fused deposition modeling (FDM) process. The bonding phenomenon is thermally driven and ultimately determines the integrity and mechanical properties of the resultant prototypes. Design/methodology/approach The bond quality was assessed through measuring and analyzing changes in the mesostructure and the degree of healing achieved at the interfaces between the adjoining polymer filaments. Experimental measurements of the temperature profiles were carried out for specimens produced under different processing conditions, and the effects on mesostructures and mechanical properties were observed. Parallel to the experimental work, predictions of the degree of bonding achieved during the filament deposition process were made based on the thermal analysis of extruded polymer filaments. Findings Experimental results showed that the fabrication strategy, the envelope temperature and variations in the convection coefficient had strong effects on the cooling temperature profile, as well as on the mesostructure and overall quality of the bond strength between filaments. The sintering phenomenon was found to have a significant effect on bond formation, but only for the very short duration when the filament's temperature was above the critical sintering temperature. Otherwise, creep deformation was found to dominate changes in the mesostructure. Originality/value This study provides valuable information about the effect of deposition strategies and processing conditions on the mesostructure and local mechanical properties within FDM prototypes. It also brings a better understanding of phenomena controlling the integrity of FDM products. Such knowledge is essential for manufacturing functional parts and diversifying the range of application of this process. The findings are particularly relevant to work conducted on modeling of the process and for the formulation of materials new to the FDM process.","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_4227410589aecd2729b47f67269c345a","status":"active","text":"Bond quality was assessed by measuring changes in mesostructure and the degree of healing at interfaces between adjoining polymer filaments.","confidence":0.94,"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_4227410589aecd2729b47f67269c345a"},{"public_id":"cl_f7bef51533fc15e3906a82b8197e054f","status":"active","text":"Creep deformation dominated mesostructure changes when filament temperature was not above the critical sintering temperature.","confidence":0.92,"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_f7bef51533fc15e3906a82b8197e054f"},{"public_id":"cl_6768572114bfab058747fc28921ee9ce","status":"active","text":"Fabrication strategy, envelope temperature, and variations in the convection coefficient strongly affected the cooling temperature profile, mesostructure, and bond strength between filaments.","confidence":0.96,"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_6768572114bfab058747fc28921ee9ce"},{"public_id":"cl_9ff95b07b8286d1c4e9f05730966655c","status":"active","text":"Sintering significantly affected bond formation only during the very short period when filament temperature exceeded the critical sintering temperature.","confidence":0.95,"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_9ff95b07b8286d1c4e9f05730966655c"},{"public_id":"cl_9fd519a61f876d43510ca7e5450cf347","status":"active","text":"Temperature profiles were measured experimentally for specimens produced under different processing conditions, and bonding predictions were made using thermal analysis of extruded polymer filaments.","confidence":0.93,"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_9fd519a61f876d43510ca7e5450cf347"}],"concepts":[{"public_id":"co_3e0033de4185dbc859bb25d1a33f5450","status":"active","name":"creep deformation","description":"Time-dependent deformation of polymer filaments that can alter the mesostructure.","types":["deformation mechanism"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_3e0033de4185dbc859bb25d1a33f5450"},{"public_id":"co_4ad8f637401c159dc3f4abb0a5070a67","status":"active","name":"envelope temperature","description":"The temperature of the build envelope surrounding specimens during FDM fabrication.","types":["process parameter"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_4ad8f637401c159dc3f4abb0a5070a67"},{"public_id":"co_5a723d5dc0bb715e1e596ebcb19fadf1","status":"active","name":"bond formation","description":"The creation of adhesion between neighboring deposited polymer filaments in the FDM process.","types":["phenomenon"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_5a723d5dc0bb715e1e596ebcb19fadf1"},{"public_id":"co_5c0cc4a42645624edb1e66dc97df2d9b","status":"active","name":"bond quality","description":"The integrity of bonding between adjoining polymer filaments in fabricated FDM specimens.","types":["material property"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_5c0cc4a42645624edb1e66dc97df2d9b"},{"public_id":"co_60958d7f9ea857b30f5ff5d9279aa821","status":"active","name":"convection coefficient","description":"A heat-transfer parameter describing convective cooling around deposited filaments.","types":["process parameter"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_60958d7f9ea857b30f5ff5d9279aa821"},{"public_id":"co_63a88be29656e10725b3307df322d0d7","status":"active","name":"thermal analysis of extruded polymer filaments","description":"A modeling approach used to predict bonding during filament deposition from filament thermal behavior.","types":["method"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_63a88be29656e10725b3307df322d0d7"},{"public_id":"co_6a0475b70022d7874450e51f7c580235","status":"active","name":"degree of healing","description":"A measure of interfacial bonding achieved between adjoining polymer filaments.","types":["measurement"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_6a0475b70022d7874450e51f7c580235"},{"public_id":"co_6ffa18de60c1c2ab67efb9869fef8c0f","status":"active","name":"temperature profiles","description":"Measured temperature changes over time in specimens produced under different FDM processing conditions.","types":["measurement"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_6ffa18de60c1c2ab67efb9869fef8c0f"},{"public_id":"co_77f3aa48697da2f8ef4937ddda1b3b1a","status":"active","name":"processing conditions","description":"The FDM fabrication settings varied to observe effects on thermal behavior, structure, and mechanical properties.","types":["experimental variable"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_77f3aa48697da2f8ef4937ddda1b3b1a"},{"public_id":"co_83d7f23f877610ac5dad9f4e69d0c570","status":"active","name":"sintering phenomenon","description":"A thermal bonding mechanism affecting adjoining polymer filaments when the material is sufficiently hot.","types":["phenomenon"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_83d7f23f877610ac5dad9f4e69d0c570"},{"public_id":"co_89857f74ad2075544c0f6351931d5bf7","status":"active","name":"mesostructure","description":"The intermediate-scale internal structure of FDM specimens and filament interfaces.","types":["structural feature"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_89857f74ad2075544c0f6351931d5bf7"},{"public_id":"co_b1dfa347bda1b656cdb148ea4fe11182","status":"active","name":"extruded polymer filaments","description":"Polymer strands deposited during fused deposition modeling to build the fabricated part.","types":["material form"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_b1dfa347bda1b656cdb148ea4fe11182"},{"public_id":"co_c5cfc42e6effc76981266b56b137ba36","status":"active","name":"fused deposition modeling","description":"An additive manufacturing process in which polymer material is deposited as filaments to form prototypes.","types":["manufacturing process"],"aliases":["FDM"],"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_c5cfc42e6effc76981266b56b137ba36"},{"public_id":"co_dadb6054b124774b55b954ef79007eb1","status":"active","name":"critical sintering temperature","description":"The threshold filament temperature above which sintering can contribute to bonding.","types":["temperature threshold"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_dadb6054b124774b55b954ef79007eb1"},{"public_id":"co_db77f7124dcb8afbda95741f6d2acaf5","status":"active","name":"fabrication strategy","description":"The deposition strategy used to produce FDM specimens.","types":["process parameter"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":35,"public_id":"b2adb6bfad","public_label":"Anonymous (b2adb6bfad)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/b2adb6bfad"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_db77f7124dcb8afbda95741f6d2acaf5"}],"external_ids":{"DOI":"10.1108/13552540810862028","ArXiv":null,"PubMed":null,"PubMedCentral":null,"MAG":2021883569,"DBLP":null,"ACL":null},"open_access":{"is_open_access":false,"pdf_url":null,"landing_url":"https://sah.borca.ai/papers/137470619","source":null,"pdf_url_source":null,"license":null,"reason":"pdf_url_not_indexed"},"reference_availability":{"status":"available","references_indexed":true,"full_text_available":false,"full_text_source":null,"count_basis":"semantic_scholar_metadata","extraction_status":"not_applicable","reason":null},"source":{"provider":"episteme2","base_corpus":"semantic_scholar_dump","freshness_mode":"unknown","basis":["semantic_scholar_metadata","postgres_metadata"],"limits":["paper metadata is based on indexed upstream scholarly datasets","claims and concepts are available only for extracted papers","absence of claims or concepts means no extracted graph data is available in this response"],"status":"available","degraded":false,"degraded_reasons":[],"diagnostics":{"status":"available","degraded":false,"degraded_reasons":[],"metadata_status":"available","graph_status":"available","abstract_status":"available"},"source_flags":1},"paper_id":633210,"paper_uid":"44e6b18c-eeb4-4ec1-acc1-11662df57eb9","canonical_identity":{"paper_id":633210,"paper_uid":"44e6b18c-eeb4-4ec1-acc1-11662df57eb9","identity_status":"available","lookup_basis":"semantic_scholar_external_id","compatibility_path":"corpus_id"},"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/papers/137470619"}