{"corpus_id":139902995,"paper_sha":"dc4d6d6d2ac7b93c714659c429c8b7c181a26660","doi":"10.2118/193459-MS","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"mag_id":2897766186,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"Measurement of the Wax Appearance Temperature of a Gas Condensate Using High Pressure Microscopy Technique","year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-08-06","venue":"All Days","journal":{"name":"All Days","pages":null,"volume":null},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":[],"pubmed_pub_types":null,"s2_fields_of_study":["Materials Science","Engineering","Environmental Science"],"reference_count":0,"citation_count":2,"influential_citation_count":1,"is_open_access":false,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":null,"chemicals":null,"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":1,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":null,"s2_open_access_landing_url":null,"s2_open_access_license":null,"s2_open_access_status":null,"pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"\n Wax precipitation and deposition is a major flow assurance problem usually encountered with waxy fluids. Often times, crude oil systems are subjected to flow assurance test while exempting gas systems. Studies have shown however, that gas condensates can also be waxy in nature. The major test used to assess the potential of a hydrocarbon system to cause wax associated problem is the wax appearance temperature (WAT). Experimentally measured WAT is required for the development and validation of wax thermodynamic models as well as the successful design and operation of a hydrocarbon production system. Well head sample collected onshore the Niger Delta region was used for this study. The sample was confirmed earlier to be a gas condensate with a dew point pressure of 4948 psia at reservoir temperature of 230.5°F through a constant composition expansion (CCE) test. The reservoir fluid particle (RFP) analyzer equipped with a high pressure microscope (HPM) was used to investigate the wax appearance temperature (WAT) of the gas condensate at well head pressure. Under a magnification of X5000, the phase change and wax precipitation of the gas condensate was observed at 84.2°F. This was also captured as real time photographs by the HPM and the photographs are presented in this work. In addition, pour point, wax content and API gravity measurements were carried out on the stock tank liquid obtained from a flash process. The outcome of this work stresses the need to carry out flow assurance studies on gas condensates to determine waxy tendency. This information will help to avoid or reduce the technical and economic concerns that are associated with production of waxy fluids.","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_6b34783260506064997ab33ac9ec7983","status":"active","text":"A gas condensate sample from a wellhead in the Niger Delta exhibited wax appearance at 84.2°F when measured with a high-pressure microscope.","confidence":0.98,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_6b34783260506064997ab33ac9ec7983"},{"public_id":"cl_0983cf954ac21c5c1bc33a28997875fc","status":"active","text":"Flow assurance studies on gas condensates are needed to determine waxy tendency and support safer, less costly production operations.","confidence":0.82,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous 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