{"corpus_id":140610101,"paper_sha":"0617f493c2aa574f4e6cffeef6a7b062ecf4fc11","doi":"10.1029/2008JD011115","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"mag_id":2092548950,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"Aerosol analysis and forecast in the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts Integrated Forecast System: 2. Data assimilation","year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-07-16","venue":"","journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","pages":null,"volume":"114"},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":[],"pubmed_pub_types":null,"s2_fields_of_study":["Environmental Science"],"reference_count":41,"citation_count":561,"influential_citation_count":35,"is_open_access":true,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":null,"chemicals":null,"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":1,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2008JD011115","s2_open_access_landing_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0617f493c2aa574f4e6cffeef6a7b062ecf4fc11","s2_open_access_license":null,"s2_open_access_status":"BRONZE","pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"This study presents the new aerosol assimilation system, developed at the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts, for the Global and regional Earth‐system Monitoring using Satellite and in‐situ data (GEMS) project. The aerosol modeling and analysis system is fully integrated in the operational four‐dimensional assimilation apparatus. Its purpose is to produce aerosol forecasts and reanalyses of aerosol fields using optical depth data from satellite sensors. This paper is the second of a series which describes the GEMS aerosol effort. It focuses on the theoretical architecture and practical implementation of the aerosol assimilation system. It also provides a discussion of the background errors and observations errors for the aerosol fields, and presents a subset of results from the 2‐year reanalysis which has been run for 2003 and 2004 using data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer on the Aqua and Terra satellites. Independent data sets are used to show that despite some compromises that have been made for feasibility reasons in regards to the choice of control variable and error characteristics, the analysis is very skillful in drawing to the observations and in improving the forecasts of aerosol optical depth.","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_f0a27de73d77257d802914c89015442a","status":"active","text":"A new aerosol assimilation system was developed at the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts for the GEMS project.","confidence":0.98,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_f0a27de73d77257d802914c89015442a"},{"public_id":"cl_8f67fbbdb11f7c51e1349e37bc05274a","status":"active","text":"A two-year reanalysis for 2003 and 2004 was run using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer data from the Aqua and Terra satellites.","confidence":0.96,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_8f67fbbdb11f7c51e1349e37bc05274a"},{"public_id":"cl_0fb72cb68832dd4dfa55f0ce1f1675b4","status":"active","text":"Independent data sets show that the analysis is skillful in drawing to the observations and in improving forecasts of aerosol optical depth despite feasibility-related compromises in the control variable and error characteristics.","confidence":0.93,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_0fb72cb68832dd4dfa55f0ce1f1675b4"},{"public_id":"cl_a0cad2212eb210c324ddd53ee42e0387","status":"active","text":"The aerosol modeling and analysis system is fully integrated in the operational four-dimensional assimilation apparatus.","confidence":0.95,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_a0cad2212eb210c324ddd53ee42e0387"},{"public_id":"cl_0011f8ccb6cd671565d588e0db4ca86b","status":"active","text":"The system is designed to produce aerosol forecasts and reanalyses of aerosol fields using optical depth data from satellite sensors.","confidence":0.97,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_0011f8ccb6cd671565d588e0db4ca86b"}],"concepts":[{"public_id":"co_2e03d9d506d88e9afeb2b80d05444651","status":"active","name":"aerosol optical depth","description":"A measure of the extinction of light by aerosols in the atmosphere.","types":["measurement","atmospheric variable"],"aliases":["AOD"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_2e03d9d506d88e9afeb2b80d05444651"},{"public_id":"co_37b6961b4f1d92c91197357cc4a0e238","status":"active","name":"aerosol modeling and analysis system","description":"The integrated system used to model aerosols and generate aerosol analyses within the forecast framework.","types":["system"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_37b6961b4f1d92c91197357cc4a0e238"},{"public_id":"co_3ac4d660cf2aed2c8ba0ed43598deecf","status":"active","name":"analysis","description":"The assimilated aerosol analysis field produced by the system.","types":["output"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_3ac4d660cf2aed2c8ba0ed43598deecf"},{"public_id":"co_6a1e30b9876f0b85f6605b86a34fa12f","status":"active","name":"reanalyses of aerosol fields","description":"Retrospective reconstructions of aerosol fields generated from observations and model data.","types":["output","dataset"],"aliases":["aerosol reanalyses"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_6a1e30b9876f0b85f6605b86a34fa12f"},{"public_id":"co_7fb551c46d33ce5a8a18855c4f481e6c","status":"active","name":"two-year reanalysis","description":"A reanalysis experiment spanning two years, run for 2003 and 2004.","types":["experiment"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_7fb551c46d33ce5a8a18855c4f481e6c"},{"public_id":"co_949a0eedb1afa1eb8cfc642672d22242","status":"active","name":"Terra satellite","description":"A NASA satellite carrying the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer used in the reanalysis.","types":["satellite"],"aliases":["Terra"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_949a0eedb1afa1eb8cfc642672d22242"},{"public_id":"co_9847dad683ffcc4e22ccf1e2ea7a5887","status":"active","name":"Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer","description":"A satellite instrument that provided aerosol observation data for the reanalysis.","types":["instrument"],"aliases":["MODIS"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_9847dad683ffcc4e22ccf1e2ea7a5887"},{"public_id":"co_98ac3bc240613e08c9fdc91d5d2e6b55","status":"active","name":"aerosol assimilation system","description":"A data assimilation system for incorporating aerosol observations into atmospheric analyses and forecasts.","types":["method","system"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_98ac3bc240613e08c9fdc91d5d2e6b55"},{"public_id":"co_af75ec3bce2fe088366c3208b132933a","status":"active","name":"operational four-dimensional assimilation apparatus","description":"The operational four-dimensional data assimilation framework into which the aerosol system is embedded.","types":["framework","method"],"aliases":["4D assimilation apparatus"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_af75ec3bce2fe088366c3208b132933a"},{"public_id":"co_d47ac27dadb36273d10763fe7131f2ed","status":"active","name":"optical depth data","description":"Satellite-derived measurements of aerosol optical depth used as assimilation inputs.","types":["measurement","observation"],"aliases":["aerosol optical depth data"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_d47ac27dadb36273d10763fe7131f2ed"},{"public_id":"co_d4eab92d6f29ac735c1c8619acd2ca27","status":"active","name":"GEMS project","description":"The Global and regional Earth-system Monitoring using Satellite and in-situ data project.","types":["project"],"aliases":["Global and regional Earth-system Monitoring using Satellite and in-situ data"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_d4eab92d6f29ac735c1c8619acd2ca27"},{"public_id":"co_e3ef2083681a323c297fb0b0db59ceb6","status":"active","name":"European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts","description":"The meteorological center where the aerosol assimilation system was developed.","types":["organization"],"aliases":["ECMWF"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_e3ef2083681a323c297fb0b0db59ceb6"},{"public_id":"co_ee170021ef873c6b1352987a282f879c","status":"active","name":"Aqua satellite","description":"A NASA satellite carrying the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer used in the reanalysis.","types":["satellite"],"aliases":["Aqua"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_ee170021ef873c6b1352987a282f879c"},{"public_id":"co_ee5f0cfd2073df35247674ef5854052c","status":"active","name":"independent data sets","description":"External datasets used to evaluate the quality of the aerosol analysis and forecasts.","types":["evaluation data"],"aliases":["independent datasets"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_ee5f0cfd2073df35247674ef5854052c"},{"public_id":"co_fae1bb03364c0e708d05bfe44fe08fe7","status":"active","name":"aerosol forecasts","description":"Forecasts of aerosol conditions produced by the assimilation system.","types":["output","forecast product"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_fae1bb03364c0e708d05bfe44fe08fe7"}],"external_ids":{"DOI":"10.1029/2008JD011115","ArXiv":null,"PubMed":null,"PubMedCentral":null,"MAG":2092548950,"DBLP":null,"ACL":null},"open_access":{"is_open_access":true,"pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2008JD011115","landing_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0617f493c2aa574f4e6cffeef6a7b062ecf4fc11","source":"semantic_scholar","pdf_url_source":"semantic_scholar_open_access_pdf","license":null,"status":"BRONZE","reason":null},"reference_availability":{"status":"available","references_indexed":true,"full_text_available":false,"full_text_source":null,"count_basis":"semantic_scholar_metadata","extraction_status":"not_applicable","reason":null},"source":{"provider":"episteme2","base_corpus":"semantic_scholar_dump","freshness_mode":"unknown","basis":["semantic_scholar_metadata","postgres_metadata"],"limits":["paper metadata is based on indexed upstream scholarly datasets","claims and concepts are available only for extracted papers","absence of claims or concepts means no extracted graph data is available in this response"],"status":"available","degraded":false,"degraded_reasons":[],"diagnostics":{"status":"available","degraded":false,"degraded_reasons":[],"metadata_status":"available","graph_status":"available","abstract_status":"available"},"source_flags":1},"paper_id":630614,"paper_uid":"42b24b75-4699-4546-b34a-a349f1262e89","canonical_identity":{"paper_id":630614,"paper_uid":"42b24b75-4699-4546-b34a-a349f1262e89","identity_status":"available","lookup_basis":"semantic_scholar_external_id","compatibility_path":"corpus_id"},"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/papers/140610101"}