{"corpus_id":147648646,"paper_sha":"37c61b54264f50d59abd9cc965b0973dd5910274","doi":"10.1111/MODL.12314","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"mag_id":2307915929,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"Factors Influencing Spanish Instructors' In-Class Feedback Decisions.","year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-03-01","venue":"","journal":{"name":"The Modern Language Journal","pages":"255-275","volume":"100"},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":["Review"],"pubmed_pub_types":null,"s2_fields_of_study":["Linguistics","Education","Psychology"],"reference_count":50,"citation_count":49,"influential_citation_count":2,"is_open_access":false,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":null,"chemicals":null,"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":1,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":null,"s2_open_access_landing_url":null,"s2_open_access_license":null,"s2_open_access_status":null,"pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"While oral corrective feedback is a principal focus in second language acquisition research, most studies examine feedback once it has been provided. Investigating how instructors make in‐class feedback decisions has not been thoroughly explored, despite the fact that classroom feedback occurs at the discretion of the individual language instructor and evidence from case studies that feedback provision varies greatly between instructors (recently reviewed in Lyster, Saito, & Sato, ). This study investigates how 32 instructors make their moment‐to‐moment feedback decisions in response to learner errors during natural, university‐level Spanish foreign language lessons. Each instructor had a 50‐minute grammar‐focused lesson videotaped and participated in a stimulated recall. Results reveal instructor in‐class feedback decision making to be a systematic and ordered cognitive process: Instructors who reflect on learner errors report that contextual (e.g., error type), learner (e.g., perceived student ability), and instructor factors (e.g., research background) influenced their decision whether or not to provide feedback, as well what type(s) to provide, and when. Others report having automatized their feedback practices and not reflecting on learner errors. All instructors report that their individual characteristics, specifically their native language, teaching experience, and training in second language acquisition, mediate the corrective feedback they provide.","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_53aac0116358418efc6fa488559c47d5","status":"active","text":"All instructors report that their individual characteristics—specifically their native language, teaching experience, and training in second language acquisition—mediate the corrective feedback they provide.","confidence":0.9,"contributors":[{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_53aac0116358418efc6fa488559c47d5"},{"public_id":"cl_f2d409fd4d7533757944430466ab9a28","status":"active","text":"Instructors who reflect on learner errors report that contextual factors (e.g., error type), learner factors (e.g., perceived student ability), and instructor factors (e.g., research background) influenced their decision whether to provide feedback, what type(s) to provide, and when.","confidence":0.9,"contributors":[{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_f2d409fd4d7533757944430466ab9a28"},{"public_id":"cl_06ada7ccc03779df3b96399443ad24b3","status":"active","text":"Some instructors report having automatized their feedback practices and not reflecting on learner errors.","confidence":0.85,"contributors":[{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_06ada7ccc03779df3b96399443ad24b3"}],"concepts":[{"public_id":"co_4a1ff7bf77e51d85ec6c7da22a89a49a","status":"active","name":"native language","description":"The native language of the instructor, reported as an individual characteristic that mediates corrective feedback.","types":["characteristic"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_4a1ff7bf77e51d85ec6c7da22a89a49a"},{"public_id":"co_51662b2fcd9b4d31d4ef233080b7485c","status":"active","name":"learner factors","description":"Student-related aspects such as perceived student ability that influence instructors' feedback decisions.","types":["factor"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_51662b2fcd9b4d31d4ef233080b7485c"},{"public_id":"co_83732e6054d9466daaf1d4e48ec4aaaf","status":"active","name":"teaching experience","description":"The amount or type of teaching experience of the instructor, reported as an individual characteristic that mediates corrective feedback.","types":["characteristic"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_83732e6054d9466daaf1d4e48ec4aaaf"},{"public_id":"co_975fab328c34514cbe0e0035e962851f","status":"active","name":"automatized feedback practices","description":"Feedback practices that instructors have automatized, leading them to not reflect on learner errors during lessons.","types":["practice"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_975fab328c34514cbe0e0035e962851f"},{"public_id":"co_b7528aa417cb38ef16bca8b2b6f02ddc","status":"active","name":"instructor factors","description":"Instructor-related aspects such as research background that influence feedback decisions.","types":["factor"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_b7528aa417cb38ef16bca8b2b6f02ddc"},{"public_id":"co_e10f65ae8bd49f0b44cc4911321a76ae","status":"active","name":"training in second language acquisition","description":"Formal training in second language acquisition that the instructor has received, reported as an individual characteristic that mediates corrective feedback.","types":["characteristic"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_e10f65ae8bd49f0b44cc4911321a76ae"},{"public_id":"co_e5215d6490eb8947a1b90c4346c8aaba","status":"active","name":"contextual factors","description":"Situational aspects such as error type that influence instructors' moment-to-moment feedback decisions.","types":["factor"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_e5215d6490eb8947a1b90c4346c8aaba"}],"external_ids":{"DOI":"10.1111/MODL.12314","ArXiv":null,"PubMed":null,"PubMedCentral":null,"MAG":2307915929,"DBLP":null,"ACL":null},"open_access":{"is_open_access":false,"pdf_url":null,"landing_url":"https://sah.borca.ai/papers/147648646","source":null,"pdf_url_source":null,"license":null,"reason":"pdf_url_not_indexed"},"reference_availability":{"status":"available","references_indexed":true,"full_text_available":false,"full_text_source":null,"count_basis":"semantic_scholar_metadata","extraction_status":"not_applicable","reason":null},"source":{"provider":"episteme2","base_corpus":"semantic_scholar_dump","freshness_mode":"unknown","basis":["semantic_scholar_metadata","postgres_metadata"],"limits":["paper metadata is based on indexed upstream scholarly datasets","claims and concepts are available only for extracted papers","absence of claims or concepts means no extracted graph data is available in this response"],"status":"available","degraded":false,"degraded_reasons":[],"diagnostics":{"status":"available","degraded":false,"degraded_reasons":[],"metadata_status":"available","graph_status":"available","abstract_status":"available"},"source_flags":1},"paper_id":638578,"paper_uid":"e647e4fb-789b-4c42-b44d-3be33a4ad380","canonical_identity":{"paper_id":638578,"paper_uid":"e647e4fb-789b-4c42-b44d-3be33a4ad380","identity_status":"available","lookup_basis":"semantic_scholar_external_id","compatibility_path":"corpus_id"},"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/papers/147648646"}