{"corpus_id":153541236,"paper_sha":"07e2053cb5d854b37007ae930f22b2018984f700","doi":"10.1080/07075332.1984.9640338","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"mag_id":1976175479,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"Frontiers in Medieval French History","year":1984,"publication_date":"1984-05-01","venue":"","journal":{"name":"International History Review","pages":"159-173","volume":"6"},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":[],"pubmed_pub_types":null,"s2_fields_of_study":["History"],"reference_count":0,"citation_count":22,"influential_citation_count":0,"is_open_access":false,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":null,"chemicals":null,"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":1,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":null,"s2_open_access_landing_url":null,"s2_open_access_license":null,"s2_open_access_status":null,"pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"throughout the middle Ages, warriors and lawyers ceaselessly contended over who had the right to form governments in disputed borderlands.1 Our very concept of frontier is an outgrowth of the medieval struggle to create judicial boundaries. But it does not follow that the frontiers of the ninth century had the same definition as their modern counterparts; indeed, a search for linear boundaries of the type existing in the modern world is bound to end in failure. Yet no state, however rudimentary its organization, neglects to mark out its territory by either a line or a zone of separation.2 In Medieval Europe, the question of limits, which arose with the partition of the Carolingian empire, became acute in the late thirteenth century when the rise of French royal bailiwicks and the disintegration of the imperial German frontier called into question the old definitions. Before examining the development of political and administrative frontiers, therefore, it is necessary to inquire into the nature of medieval boundaries, for the two terms, so often confused in modern parlance, are by no means synonymous. The root meaning of 'frontier' is that which is 'in front,' especially that part of a country which is ahead of the hinterland. On the other hand, a boundary is the limit and enclosure of a political unit, and implies the modern concept of the state as a sovereign entity.3 This study contends that as marches and borderlands became more clearly defined and closely connected with core areas, their hitherto undefined frontiers became their precise boundaries. Sadly, Dr. Schlesser died in February 1983.","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_1c86cc51ea935c4bbbd15868897f9b3c","status":"active","text":"As marches and borderlands became more clearly defined and more closely tied to core areas, their previously undefined frontiers became precise boundaries.","confidence":0.94,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_1c86cc51ea935c4bbbd15868897f9b3c"},{"public_id":"cl_d8b9fbfe28ba902e02b198007542b1f6","status":"active","text":"In medieval Europe, the question of limits became especially acute after the partition of the Carolingian empire and again in the late thirteenth century with the rise of French royal bailiwicks and the disintegration of the imperial German frontier.","confidence":0.89,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous 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