{"corpus_id":1622808,"paper_sha":"9d7eae6ef126b1044a07d8aa84147e4468e7ff23","doi":"10.1056/NEJM199912233412607","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":10607817,"pmcid":null,"mag_id":2114015514,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"Disorders of iron metabolism.","year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-12-23","venue":"New England Journal of Medicine","journal":{"name":"The New England journal of medicine","pages":"\n          1986-95\n        ","volume":"341 26"},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":["Review","JournalArticle"],"pubmed_pub_types":["Journal Article","Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't","Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.","Review"],"s2_fields_of_study":["Biology","Medicine"],"reference_count":73,"citation_count":2215,"influential_citation_count":84,"is_open_access":false,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":[{"d":"Biological Transport, Active","mj":false,"ui":"D001693"},{"d":"Humans","mj":false,"ui":"D006801"},{"d":"Intestinal Absorption","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"physiology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000502"}],"ui":"D007408"},{"d":"Iron","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"pharmacokinetics","mj":true,"ui":"Q000493"},{"q":"therapeutic use","mj":false,"ui":"Q000627"}],"ui":"D007501"},{"d":"Iron Metabolism Disorders","mj":true,"qs":[{"q":"etiology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000209"},{"q":"metabolism","mj":false,"ui":"Q000378"},{"q":"therapy","mj":false,"ui":"Q000628"}],"ui":"D019189"}],"chemicals":[{"n":"Iron","ui":"D007501","reg":"E1UOL152H7"}],"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":5,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":null,"s2_open_access_landing_url":null,"s2_open_access_license":null,"s2_open_access_status":null,"pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"Iron has the capacity to accept and donate electrons readily, interconverting between ferric (Fe2+) and ferrous (Fe3+) forms. This capability makes it a useful component of cytochromes, oxygen-binding molecules (i.e., hemoglobin and myoglobin), and many enzymes. However, iron can also damage tissues by catalyzing the conversion of hydrogen peroxide to free-radical ions that attack cellular membranes, proteins, and DNA. Proteins sequester iron to reduce this threat. Iron ions circulate bound to plasma transferrin and accumulate within cells in the form of ferritin. Iron protoporphyrin (heme) and iron–sulfur clusters serve as enzyme cofactors. Under normal circumstances, only trace amounts . . .","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_2a1f47a8b02ed4d24cf093f87321e011","status":"active","text":"Iron can damage tissues by catalyzing hydrogen peroxide conversion to free-radical ions that attack cellular membranes, proteins, and DNA.","confidence":0.96,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_2a1f47a8b02ed4d24cf093f87321e011"},{"public_id":"cl_18bf28153217b8d6e5b24d6d82d0ba9d","status":"active","text":"Iron functions as a useful component of cytochromes, oxygen-binding molecules, and many enzymes because it readily interconverts between ferric and ferrous forms.","confidence":0.93,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous 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