{"corpus_id":16852101,"paper_sha":"0d37f124b3b9bee2fd10b81cbcb90733ed5cca35","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0100064","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":24936860,"pmcid":"4061056","mag_id":2033006897,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"Nocardia brasiliensis Induces Formation of Foamy Macrophages and Dendritic Cells In Vitro and In Vivo","year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-06-17","venue":"PLoS ONE","journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","pages":null,"volume":"9"},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":["JournalArticle"],"pubmed_pub_types":["Journal Article","Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"],"s2_fields_of_study":["Biology","Medicine"],"reference_count":49,"citation_count":15,"influential_citation_count":0,"is_open_access":true,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":[{"d":"Animals","mj":false,"ui":"D000818"},{"d":"Cell Differentiation","mj":true,"ui":"D002454"},{"d":"Dendritic Cells","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"cytology","mj":true,"ui":"Q000166"}],"ui":"D003713"},{"d":"Foam Cells","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"cytology","mj":true,"ui":"Q000166"}],"ui":"D005487"},{"d":"Macrophages","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"cytology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000166"}],"ui":"D008264"},{"d":"Mice","mj":false,"ui":"D051379"},{"d":"Mice, Inbred BALB C","mj":false,"ui":"D008807"},{"d":"Mycetoma","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"immunology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000276"},{"q":"microbiology","mj":true,"ui":"Q000382"}],"ui":"D008271"},{"d":"Nocardia","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"physiology","mj":true,"ui":"Q000502"}],"ui":"D009615"}],"chemicals":null,"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":5,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0100064&type=printable","s2_open_access_landing_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0d37f124b3b9bee2fd10b81cbcb90733ed5cca35","s2_open_access_license":"CCBY","s2_open_access_status":"GOLD","pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"Foamy cells have been described in various infectious diseases, for example in actinomycetoma induced by Nocardia brasiliensis. These cells are generally considered to be macrophages, although they present dendritic cell (DC)-specific surface markers. In this study, we determined and confirmed the lineage of possible precursors of foamy cells in vitro and in vivo using an experimental actinomycetoma model in BALB/c mice. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) or DC (BMDC) were infected in vitro with N. brasiliensis or labeled with carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE). Both, macrophages and DC, differentiated into foamy cells after in vitro infection. CFSE-labeled BMDM or BMDC were tested for phagocytosis and CD11c/CD11b receptors markers expression before being transferred into the actinomycetoma lesion site of infected mice. In vivo studies showed that BMDM and BMDC were traced at the site where foamy cells are present in the experimental actinomycetoma. Interestingly, many of the transferred BMDM and BMDC were stained with the lipid-droplet fluorophore Nile Red. In conclusion, macrophages and DC cells can be differentiated into foamy cells in vitro and in vivo during N. brasiliensis infection.","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_c6128c20eb39b572e4fdc94e4137cb6d","status":"active","text":"Both bone marrow-derived macrophages and bone marrow-derived dendritic cells differentiate into foamy cells after in vitro infection with Nocardia brasiliensis.","confidence":0.95,"contributors":[{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_c6128c20eb39b572e4fdc94e4137cb6d"},{"public_id":"cl_90eb6753bc1852287ac98b66a3cf47aa","status":"active","text":"In vivo, transferred CFSE-labeled bone marrow-derived macrophages and bone marrow-derived dendritic cells are traced at the actinomycetoma lesion site where foamy cells are present.","confidence":0.9,"contributors":[{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_90eb6753bc1852287ac98b66a3cf47aa"},{"public_id":"cl_d0dcb1db2966adb2d84472351d6ee1c0","status":"active","text":"Many of the transferred bone marrow-derived macrophages and bone marrow-derived dendritic cells in the actinomycetoma lesion site stain with the lipid-droplet fluorophore Nile Red.","confidence":0.9,"contributors":[{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_d0dcb1db2966adb2d84472351d6ee1c0"}],"concepts":[{"public_id":"co_09933653e460a277c10e6db1643c7a6f","status":"active","name":"CFSE-labeled bone marrow-derived dendritic cells","description":"Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells labeled with carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester for in vivo tracing.","types":["labeled cell"],"aliases":["CFSE-labeled BMDC"],"contributors":[{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_09933653e460a277c10e6db1643c7a6f"},{"public_id":"co_0e22efb7a0f0d7db1721a9da3e272a73","status":"active","name":"foamy cells","description":"Lipid-laden cells that form during Nocardia brasiliensis infection, previously thought to be macrophages but also expressing dendritic cell markers.","types":["cell type","phenotype"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_0e22efb7a0f0d7db1721a9da3e272a73"},{"public_id":"co_18b47a851ae4bf7881674b0769e8fe2d","status":"active","name":"Nile Red","description":"A fluorophore that stains lipid droplets, used to detect lipid accumulation in transferred cells at the lesion site.","types":["stain","reagent"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_18b47a851ae4bf7881674b0769e8fe2d"},{"public_id":"co_40d1ec9a262abef1c5313ba03e085e7b","status":"active","name":"bone marrow-derived dendritic cells","description":"Dendritic cells derived from bone marrow precursors, used in in vitro infection and in vivo transfer experiments.","types":["cell type"],"aliases":["BMDC"],"contributors":[{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_40d1ec9a262abef1c5313ba03e085e7b"},{"public_id":"co_5783c6efca657cc66840403219f9da1f","status":"active","name":"CFSE-labeled bone marrow-derived macrophages","description":"Bone marrow-derived macrophages labeled with carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester for in vivo tracing.","types":["labeled cell"],"aliases":["CFSE-labeled BMDM"],"contributors":[{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_5783c6efca657cc66840403219f9da1f"},{"public_id":"co_61cc374c318fd61a4622725470a70d15","status":"active","name":"bone marrow-derived macrophages","description":"Macrophages derived from bone marrow precursors, used in in vitro infection and in vivo transfer experiments.","types":["cell type"],"aliases":["BMDM"],"contributors":[{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_61cc374c318fd61a4622725470a70d15"},{"public_id":"co_b65ab5140e9c52811c230801d1be0941","status":"active","name":"actinomycetoma lesion site","description":"The localized infection site in the experimental actinomycetoma model where foamy cells are present.","types":["anatomical site"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_b65ab5140e9c52811c230801d1be0941"},{"public_id":"co_f2cf9b39a26e737812a817c4678a2fe0","status":"active","name":"Nocardia brasiliensis","description":"The bacterial pathogen that induces actinomycetoma and causes formation of foamy cells.","types":["pathogen"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":32,"public_id":"7c402c1b98","public_label":"뀨 (7c402c1b98)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/7c402c1b98"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_f2cf9b39a26e737812a817c4678a2fe0"}],"external_ids":{"DOI":"10.1371/journal.pone.0100064","ArXiv":null,"PubMed":24936860,"PubMedCentral":"4061056","MAG":2033006897,"DBLP":null,"ACL":null},"open_access":{"is_open_access":true,"pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0100064&type=printable","landing_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0d37f124b3b9bee2fd10b81cbcb90733ed5cca35","source":"semantic_scholar","pdf_url_source":"semantic_scholar_open_access_pdf","license":"CCBY","status":"GOLD","reason":null},"reference_availability":{"status":"available","references_indexed":true,"full_text_available":false,"full_text_source":null,"count_basis":"semantic_scholar_metadata","extraction_status":"not_applicable","reason":null},"source":{"provider":"episteme2","base_corpus":"semantic_scholar_dump","freshness_mode":"unknown","basis":["semantic_scholar_metadata","postgres_metadata"],"limits":["paper metadata is based on indexed upstream scholarly datasets","claims and concepts are available only for extracted papers","absence of claims or concepts means no extracted graph data is available in this response"],"status":"available","degraded":false,"degraded_reasons":[],"diagnostics":{"status":"available","degraded":false,"degraded_reasons":[],"metadata_status":"available","graph_status":"available","abstract_status":"available"},"source_flags":5},"paper_id":633777,"paper_uid":"10eaafcb-f6c1-446d-9728-989d35cbdd41","canonical_identity":{"paper_id":633777,"paper_uid":"10eaafcb-f6c1-446d-9728-989d35cbdd41","identity_status":"available","lookup_basis":"semantic_scholar_external_id","compatibility_path":"corpus_id"},"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/papers/16852101"}