{"corpus_id":18309362,"paper_sha":"2b297c2a1c34bfdcb972025ae29a2851f1d33484","doi":"10.1136/gut.2006.099580","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":16966752,"pmcid":"7788190","mag_id":2144187699,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"Guidelines on the management of ascites in cirrhosis","year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-09-11","venue":"Gut","journal":{"name":"Gut","pages":"9 - 29","volume":"70"},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":["JournalArticle","Review"],"pubmed_pub_types":["Journal Article","Practice Guideline"],"s2_fields_of_study":["Medicine"],"reference_count":269,"citation_count":747,"influential_citation_count":33,"is_open_access":true,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":[{"d":"Ascites","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"diagnosis","mj":false,"ui":"Q000175"},{"q":"etiology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000209"},{"q":"mortality","mj":false,"ui":"Q000401"},{"q":"therapy","mj":true,"ui":"Q000628"}],"ui":"D001201"},{"d":"Ascitic Fluid","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"chemistry","mj":false,"ui":"Q000737"},{"q":"cytology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000166"}],"ui":"D001202"},{"d":"Bed Rest","mj":false,"ui":"D001510"},{"d":"Chronic Disease","mj":false,"ui":"D002908"},{"d":"Diet, Sodium-Restricted","mj":false,"ui":"D004039"},{"d":"Diuretics","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"therapeutic use","mj":false,"ui":"Q000627"}],"ui":"D004232"},{"d":"Hemodynamics","mj":false,"ui":"D006439"},{"d":"Humans","mj":false,"ui":"D006801"},{"d":"Hypertension, Portal","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"complications","mj":false,"ui":"Q000150"}],"ui":"D006975"},{"d":"Hyponatremia","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"therapy","mj":false,"ui":"Q000628"}],"ui":"D007010"},{"d":"Leukocyte Count","mj":false,"ui":"D007958"},{"d":"Liver Cirrhosis","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"complications","mj":true,"ui":"Q000150"}],"ui":"D008103"},{"d":"Neutrophils","mj":false,"ui":"D009504"},{"d":"Paracentesis","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"methods","mj":false,"ui":"Q000379"}],"ui":"D019152"},{"d":"Peritonitis","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"diagnosis","mj":false,"ui":"Q000175"},{"q":"microbiology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000382"},{"q":"therapy","mj":false,"ui":"Q000628"}],"ui":"D010538"},{"d":"Portasystemic Shunt, Surgical","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"methods","mj":false,"ui":"Q000379"}],"ui":"D011170"},{"d":"Prognosis","mj":false,"ui":"D011379"},{"d":"Survival Rate","mj":false,"ui":"D015996"},{"d":"Water-Electrolyte Imbalance","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"complications","mj":false,"ui":"Q000150"}],"ui":"D014883"}],"chemicals":[{"n":"Diuretics","ui":"D004232","reg":"0"}],"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":5,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":"https://gut.bmj.com/content/gutjnl/55/suppl_6/vi1.full.pdf","s2_open_access_landing_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2b297c2a1c34bfdcb972025ae29a2851f1d33484","s2_open_access_license":"CCBYNC","s2_open_access_status":"HYBRID","pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"The British Society of Gastroenterology in collaboration with British Association for the Study of the Liver has prepared this document. The aim of this guideline is to review and summarise the evidence that guides clinical diagnosis and management of ascites in patients with cirrhosis. Substantial advances have been made in this area since the publication of the last guideline in 2007. These guidelines are based on a comprehensive literature search and comprise systematic reviews in the key areas, including the diagnostic tests, diuretic use, therapeutic paracentesis, use of albumin, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and beta-blockers in patients with ascites. Where recent systematic reviews and meta-analysis are available, these have been updated with additional studies. In addition, the results of prospective and retrospective studies, evidence obtained from expert committee reports and, in some instances, reports from case series have been included. Where possible, judgement has been made on the quality of information used to generate the guidelines and the specific recommendations have been made according to the ‘Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE)’ system. These guidelines are intended to inform practising clinicians, and it is expected that these guidelines will be revised in 3 years’ time.","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_c911a067236d4cd81ae4a2d4e3dcc2a9","status":"active","text":"Clinical diagnosis and management of ascites in patients with cirrhosis are summarized using a comprehensive literature search and systematic reviews of key topics.","confidence":0.95,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_c911a067236d4cd81ae4a2d4e3dcc2a9"},{"public_id":"cl_5570a9dc405f06e9bf91f691b03718c5","status":"active","text":"Recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses were updated with additional studies for several key areas of ascites management.","confidence":0.9,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_5570a9dc405f06e9bf91f691b03718c5"},{"public_id":"cl_49eba3efbc0f181fd725ede87208e448","status":"active","text":"Recommendations were made using evidence quality assessment and the GRADE system.","confidence":0.93,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_49eba3efbc0f181fd725ede87208e448"},{"public_id":"cl_b1c6ab1e98f273dd6c8df93066eb1b81","status":"active","text":"Specific guideline topics include diagnostic tests, diuretic use, therapeutic paracentesis, albumin use, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and beta-blockers.","confidence":0.98,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_b1c6ab1e98f273dd6c8df93066eb1b81"}],"concepts":[{"public_id":"co_083541e8484aea1705a6d565feb14c2c","status":"active","name":"comprehensive literature search","description":"A broad search of published studies used to identify relevant evidence.","types":["method"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_083541e8484aea1705a6d565feb14c2c"},{"public_id":"co_3733b06dbb1dc13eb67db5ba2cacddfc","status":"active","name":"evidence quality assessment","description":"Evaluation of how reliable and robust the supporting evidence is.","types":["assessment process"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_3733b06dbb1dc13eb67db5ba2cacddfc"},{"public_id":"co_798229d143a5498a1a5e376ba5782f37","status":"active","name":"systematic reviews","description":"Structured reviews that synthesize evidence using predefined methods.","types":["review method"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_798229d143a5498a1a5e376ba5782f37"},{"public_id":"co_83291433277952aa38dec013242b54b5","status":"active","name":"therapeutic paracentesis","description":"Procedure for removing ascitic fluid to relieve symptoms or complications.","types":["procedure"],"aliases":["paracentesis"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_83291433277952aa38dec013242b54b5"},{"public_id":"co_ae14ccf5100ce44ec280f1a5f8293600","status":"active","name":"additional studies","description":"Newly included studies used to update existing evidence syntheses.","types":["evidence"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_ae14ccf5100ce44ec280f1a5f8293600"},{"public_id":"co_ce38cd987f17401ee091cae4ee5697c1","status":"active","name":"meta-analyses","description":"Quantitative syntheses that combine results from multiple studies.","types":["analysis method"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_ce38cd987f17401ee091cae4ee5697c1"},{"public_id":"co_cf743e0b6312e3e7c11c43e2a8d28a10","status":"active","name":"ascites in patients with cirrhosis","description":"Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity in the setting of liver cirrhosis.","types":["condition"],"aliases":["ascites in cirrhosis"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_cf743e0b6312e3e7c11c43e2a8d28a10"},{"public_id":"co_d12ec288c742655e88ae1455f857ae51","status":"active","name":"GRADE system","description":"A framework for grading evidence quality and strength of recommendations.","types":["guideline framework"],"aliases":["Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_d12ec288c742655e88ae1455f857ae51"},{"public_id":"co_e597ea2a094b8748b9da7528185f14cf","status":"active","name":"diagnostic tests","description":"Tests used to identify or evaluate ascites and related complications.","types":["medical test"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_e597ea2a094b8748b9da7528185f14cf"},{"public_id":"co_fbea0694043bbb3e456cdaebff90ca1f","status":"active","name":"diuretic use","description":"Use of diuretic medications to treat fluid retention in ascites.","types":["treatment"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_fbea0694043bbb3e456cdaebff90ca1f"}],"external_ids":{"DOI":"10.1136/gut.2006.099580","ArXiv":null,"PubMed":16966752,"PubMedCentral":"7788190","MAG":2144187699,"DBLP":null,"ACL":null},"open_access":{"is_open_access":true,"pdf_url":"https://gut.bmj.com/content/gutjnl/55/suppl_6/vi1.full.pdf","landing_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2b297c2a1c34bfdcb972025ae29a2851f1d33484","source":"semantic_scholar","pdf_url_source":"semantic_scholar_open_access_pdf","license":"CCBYNC","status":"HYBRID","reason":null},"reference_availability":{"status":"available","references_indexed":true,"full_text_available":false,"full_text_source":null,"count_basis":"semantic_scholar_metadata","extraction_status":"not_applicable","reason":null},"source":{"provider":"episteme2","base_corpus":"semantic_scholar_dump","freshness_mode":"unknown","basis":["semantic_scholar_metadata","postgres_metadata"],"limits":["paper metadata is based on indexed upstream scholarly datasets","claims and concepts are available only for extracted papers","absence of claims or concepts means no extracted graph data is available in this response"],"status":"available","degraded":false,"degraded_reasons":[],"diagnostics":{"status":"available","degraded":false,"degraded_reasons":[],"metadata_status":"available","graph_status":"available","abstract_status":"available"},"source_flags":5},"paper_id":633975,"paper_uid":"b2bcdec1-1e79-4760-b01b-fc96b52b60b5","canonical_identity":{"paper_id":633975,"paper_uid":"b2bcdec1-1e79-4760-b01b-fc96b52b60b5","identity_status":"available","lookup_basis":"semantic_scholar_external_id","compatibility_path":"corpus_id"},"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/papers/18309362"}