{"corpus_id":184484887,"paper_sha":"e02fcb855285296d58934cc6bd0485ca956e4def","doi":"10.1016/j.chroma.2019.06.007","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":31182304,"pmcid":null,"mag_id":2948132411,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"Amine modified magnetic polystyrene for extraction of drugs from urine samples.","year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-27","venue":"Journal of Chromatography A","journal":{"name":"Journal of chromatography. A","pages":null,"volume":null},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":["JournalArticle"],"pubmed_pub_types":["Journal Article"],"s2_fields_of_study":["Medicine","Chemistry"],"reference_count":36,"citation_count":17,"influential_citation_count":0,"is_open_access":false,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":[{"d":"Amines","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"chemistry","mj":true,"ui":"Q000737"}],"ui":"D000588"},{"d":"Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"chemistry","mj":false,"ui":"Q000737"},{"q":"urine","mj":false,"ui":"Q000652"}],"ui":"D000894"},{"d":"Diclofenac","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"chemistry","mj":false,"ui":"Q000737"},{"q":"urine","mj":false,"ui":"Q000652"}],"ui":"D004008"},{"d":"Humans","mj":false,"ui":"D006801"},{"d":"Ibuprofen","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"chemistry","mj":false,"ui":"Q000737"},{"q":"urine","mj":false,"ui":"Q000652"}],"ui":"D007052"},{"d":"Limit of Detection","mj":false,"ui":"D057230"},{"d":"Magnetics","mj":true,"ui":"D008280"},{"d":"Pharmaceutical Preparations","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"isolation & purification","mj":true,"ui":"Q000302"},{"q":"urine","mj":true,"ui":"Q000652"}],"ui":"D004364"},{"d":"Polystyrenes","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"chemistry","mj":true,"ui":"Q000737"}],"ui":"D011137"},{"d":"Reproducibility of Results","mj":false,"ui":"D015203"},{"d":"Solid Phase Extraction","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"methods","mj":false,"ui":"Q000379"}],"ui":"D052616"},{"d":"Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared","mj":false,"ui":"D017550"},{"d":"Wastewater","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"chemistry","mj":false,"ui":"Q000737"}],"ui":"D062065"}],"chemicals":[{"n":"Amines","ui":"D000588","reg":"0"},{"n":"Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal","ui":"D000894","reg":"0"},{"n":"Diclofenac","ui":"D004008","reg":"144O8QL0L1"},{"n":"Ibuprofen","ui":"D007052","reg":"WK2XYI10QM"},{"n":"Pharmaceutical Preparations","ui":"D004364","reg":"0"},{"n":"Polystyrenes","ui":"D011137","reg":"0"},{"n":"Wastewater","ui":"D062065","reg":"0"}],"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":5,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":null,"s2_open_access_landing_url":null,"s2_open_access_license":null,"s2_open_access_status":null,"pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"Polystyrene is one of the best candidates as the extracting medium due to its high stability in different media and acceptable extraction capability. However, the hydrophobic nature and low wettability of polystyrene limits its application to non-polar analytes. To resolve this limitation, in this project, amine groups were chemically attached to the surface of magnetic polystyrene. The resulting hydrophilic magnetic particles were expected to be capable of extracting both polar and non-polar analytes. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were chosen for testing the applicability of modified magnetic polystyrene according to the importance of their analysis and also their wide polarity range. Major parameters associated with the extraction procedure were optimized using central composite design (CCD) method and pH 3, extraction time of 15 min, desorption volume of 350 μL and desorption time of 4 min were chosen as optimized values. Under these conditions, figures of merit were calculated including: linear dynamic range (0.5-1000 μg L-1), linear equation and limits of detection (0.1-3 μg L-1). To investigate the method precision, inter-day, intra-day and synthesis-to-synthesis relative standard deviation (RSD) were studied (<12%). All studies were conducted using blank urine samples spiked with aspirin, salicylic acid, ibuprofen, diclofenac and mefenamic acid. Naproxen was chosen as the internal standard and high-performance liquid chromatography-UV-Vis (HPLC-UV) was employed for the subsequent determination after extraction. To evaluate the applicability of the method for real sample analysis, urine samples from patients under treatment were analyzed and acceptable results were obtained. The aminated magnetic polystyrene revealed superior extraction efficiency, much higher than polystyrene before functionalization. In addition, hospital wastewater sample was tested and acceptable extraction efficiencies were obtained.","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_1016c7c020a17e894b1a8963b191b80d","status":"active","text":"Amine-modified magnetic polystyrene achieves superior extraction efficiency for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs compared to unmodified polystyrene.","confidence":0.95,"contributors":[{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_1016c7c020a17e894b1a8963b191b80d"},{"public_id":"cl_a78c3b8a74b0f5f5be9094278069c7d1","status":"active","text":"The method achieves a linear dynamic range of 0.5-1000 μg L-1, detection limits of 0.1-3 μg L-1, and relative standard deviation below 12%, and is successfully applied to real urine samples and hospital wastewater.","confidence":0.95,"contributors":[{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_a78c3b8a74b0f5f5be9094278069c7d1"},{"public_id":"cl_d0be111786172e2364ee3f6abb450f9f","status":"active","text":"The optimized extraction procedure uses pH 3, extraction time of 15 min, desorption volume of 350 μL, and desorption time of 4 min, determined by central composite design.","confidence":0.95,"contributors":[{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_d0be111786172e2364ee3f6abb450f9f"}],"concepts":[{"public_id":"co_04aeec2cc9ea06f3deca0c00021385d8","status":"active","name":"limit of detection","description":"Lowest detectable concentration, reported as 0.1-3 μg L-1 for the tested NSAIDs.","types":["performance metric"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_04aeec2cc9ea06f3deca0c00021385d8"},{"public_id":"co_060de9c21c690979997f5de43c855948","status":"active","name":"optimized extraction parameters","description":"Set of conditions (pH 3, extraction time 15 min, desorption volume 350 μL, desorption time 4 min) chosen as optimal for the extraction procedure.","types":["parameter set"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_060de9c21c690979997f5de43c855948"},{"public_id":"co_1b84d9e25c996ac1f35f25e0864df6f0","status":"active","name":"polystyrene","description":"Base hydrophobic polymer used as extraction medium before functionalization.","types":["material"],"aliases":["unmodified polystyrene"],"contributors":[{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_1b84d9e25c996ac1f35f25e0864df6f0"},{"public_id":"co_2ba8497df3148c10659a8191bc8ebd20","status":"active","name":"hospital wastewater","description":"Wastewater sample tested with the method, yielding acceptable extraction efficiencies.","types":["sample type"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_2ba8497df3148c10659a8191bc8ebd20"},{"public_id":"co_406566830807e5fcbfd62342f59916a4","status":"active","name":"amine modified magnetic polystyrene","description":"Magnetic polystyrene particles with chemically attached amine groups to enhance hydrophilicity for extraction of polar and non-polar analytes.","types":["material"],"aliases":["aminated magnetic polystyrene"],"contributors":[{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_406566830807e5fcbfd62342f59916a4"},{"public_id":"co_86071e7f67fdfc2097d03dbeae823b1e","status":"active","name":"linear dynamic range","description":"Concentration range over which the method provides linear response, reported as 0.5-1000 μg L-1.","types":["performance metric"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_86071e7f67fdfc2097d03dbeae823b1e"},{"public_id":"co_a43802f294332d1518efe3404918538f","status":"active","name":"central composite design (CCD)","description":"Statistical optimization method used to determine optimal extraction parameters.","types":["method"],"aliases":["CCD"],"contributors":[{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_a43802f294332d1518efe3404918538f"},{"public_id":"co_b15f67452b9fb9b16e6e2ae98ada6a2a","status":"active","name":"real urine samples","description":"Urine samples from patients under treatment used to evaluate the method's applicability.","types":["sample type"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_b15f67452b9fb9b16e6e2ae98ada6a2a"},{"public_id":"co_bf7553007140dcc1c7e16c041fab4591","status":"active","name":"non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)","description":"Class of drugs chosen as test analytes covering a wide polarity range, including aspirin, salicylic acid, ibuprofen, diclofenac, and mefenamic acid.","types":["analyte class"],"aliases":["NSAIDs"],"contributors":[{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_bf7553007140dcc1c7e16c041fab4591"},{"public_id":"co_e49126e8803b75a68dcaa943e7d03dad","status":"active","name":"relative standard deviation","description":"Measure of precision evaluated as inter-day, intra-day, and synthesis-to-synthesis RSD, all below 12%.","types":["performance metric"],"aliases":["RSD"],"contributors":[{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_e49126e8803b75a68dcaa943e7d03dad"}],"external_ids":{"DOI":"10.1016/j.chroma.2019.06.007","ArXiv":null,"PubMed":31182304,"PubMedCentral":null,"MAG":2948132411,"DBLP":null,"ACL":null},"open_access":{"is_open_access":false,"pdf_url":null,"landing_url":"https://sah.borca.ai/papers/184484887","source":null,"pdf_url_source":null,"license":null,"reason":"pdf_url_not_indexed"},"reference_availability":{"status":"available","references_indexed":true,"full_text_available":false,"full_text_source":null,"count_basis":"semantic_scholar_metadata","extraction_status":"not_applicable","reason":null},"source":{"provider":"episteme2","base_corpus":"semantic_scholar_dump","freshness_mode":"unknown","basis":["semantic_scholar_metadata","postgres_metadata"],"limits":["paper metadata is based on indexed upstream scholarly datasets","claims and concepts are available only for extracted papers","absence of claims or concepts means no extracted graph data is available in this response"],"status":"available","degraded":false,"degraded_reasons":[],"diagnostics":{"status":"available","degraded":false,"degraded_reasons":[],"metadata_status":"available","graph_status":"available","abstract_status":"available"},"source_flags":5},"paper_id":631119,"paper_uid":"fa97b1f6-bd7b-4319-9b8e-ba633bbc5295","canonical_identity":{"paper_id":631119,"paper_uid":"fa97b1f6-bd7b-4319-9b8e-ba633bbc5295","identity_status":"available","lookup_basis":"semantic_scholar_external_id","compatibility_path":"corpus_id"},"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/papers/184484887"}