{"corpus_id":20392919,"paper_sha":"78eb76a1d06e5dedd8d3a536304272ee4762edc3","doi":"10.1056/NEJM199212313272704","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":1454086,"pmcid":null,"mag_id":1995381509,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"Sympathetic overactivity in patients with chronic renal failure.","year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-12-31","venue":"New England Journal of Medicine","journal":{"name":"The New England journal of medicine","pages":"\n          1912-8\n        ","volume":"327 27"},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":["JournalArticle"],"pubmed_pub_types":["Journal Article","Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't","Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."],"s2_fields_of_study":["Medicine"],"reference_count":32,"citation_count":1121,"influential_citation_count":29,"is_open_access":true,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":[{"d":"Angiotensin II","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"blood","mj":false,"ui":"Q000097"}],"ui":"D000804"},{"d":"Female","mj":false,"ui":"D005260"},{"d":"Humans","mj":false,"ui":"D006801"},{"d":"Hypertension","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"etiology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000209"}],"ui":"D006973"},{"d":"Kidney","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"physiopathology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000503"}],"ui":"D007668"},{"d":"Kidney Failure, Chronic","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"complications","mj":false,"ui":"Q000150"},{"q":"physiopathology","mj":true,"ui":"Q000503"},{"q":"therapy","mj":false,"ui":"Q000628"}],"ui":"D007676"},{"d":"Leg","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"blood supply","mj":false,"ui":"Q000098"}],"ui":"D007866"},{"d":"Male","mj":false,"ui":"D008297"},{"d":"Middle Aged","mj":false,"ui":"D008875"},{"d":"Nephrectomy","mj":false,"ui":"D009392"},{"d":"Norepinephrine","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"blood","mj":false,"ui":"Q000097"}],"ui":"D009638"},{"d":"Peroneal Nerve","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"physiopathology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000503"}],"ui":"D010543"},{"d":"Renal Dialysis","mj":false,"ui":"D006435"},{"d":"Renin","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"blood","mj":false,"ui":"Q000097"}],"ui":"D012083"},{"d":"Sympathetic Nervous System","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"physiopathology","mj":true,"ui":"Q000503"}],"ui":"D013564"},{"d":"Vascular Resistance","mj":false,"ui":"D014655"}],"chemicals":[{"n":"Angiotensin II","ui":"D000804","reg":"11128-99-7"},{"n":"Renin","ui":"D012083","reg":"EC 3.4.23.15"},{"n":"Norepinephrine","ui":"D009638","reg":"X4W3ENH1CV"}],"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":5,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":"https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJM199212313272704?articleTools=true","s2_open_access_landing_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/78eb76a1d06e5dedd8d3a536304272ee4762edc3","s2_open_access_license":null,"s2_open_access_status":"BRONZE","pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Hypertension is a frequent complication of chronic renal failure, but its causes are not fully understood. There is indirect evidence that increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system might contribute to hypertension in patients with end-stage renal disease, but sympathetic-nerve discharge has not been measured directly in patients or animals with chronic renal failure. METHODS: We recorded the rate of postganglionic sympathetic-nerve discharge to the blood vessels in skeletal muscle by means of microelectrodes inserted into the peroneal nerve in 18 patients with native kidneys who were undergoing long-term treatment with hemodialysis (of whom 14 had hypertension), 5 patients receiving hemodialysis who had undergone bilateral nephrectomy (of whom 1 had hypertension), and 11 normal subjects. RESULTS. The mean (+/- SE) rate of sympathetic-nerve discharge was 2.5 times higher in the patients receiving hemodialysis who had not undergone nephrectomy than in the normal subjects (58 +/- 3 vs. 23 +/- 3 bursts per minute, P < 0.01). In contrast, the rate of sympathetic-nerve discharge was similar in the patients receiving hemodialysis who had undergone bilateral nephrectomy (21 +/- 6 bursts per minute) and the normal subjects. The rate of sympathetic-nerve discharge in the patients receiving hemodialysis who had not undergone nephrectomy was also significantly higher (P < 0.01) than that in the patients with bilateral nephrectomy, and it was accompanied in the former group by higher values for vascular resistance in the calf (45 +/- 4 vs. 22 +/- 4 units, P < 0.05) and mean arterial pressure (106 +/- 4 vs. 76 +/- 14 mm Hg, P < 0.05). The rate of sympathetic-nerve discharge was not correlated with either plasma norepinephrine concentrations or plasma renin activity. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic renal failure may be accompanied by reversible sympathetic activation, which appears to be mediated by an afferent signal arising in the failing kidneys.","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_bcd74c41126299f6702b196d4c0fbd02","status":"active","text":"Chronic renal failure may be accompanied by reversible sympathetic activation mediated by an afferent signal arising in the failing kidneys.","confidence":0.9,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_bcd74c41126299f6702b196d4c0fbd02"},{"public_id":"cl_c9ea3ff671f5c2a66944eaf09e1aae05","status":"active","text":"Higher sympathetic-nerve discharge in patients with native kidneys was accompanied by higher calf vascular resistance and mean arterial pressure.","confidence":0.95,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous 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(12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_cb3407852a830debd9ae429bc1b5fb47"},{"public_id":"cl_b55822dc8868023076ad9730b194f70a","status":"active","text":"Sympathetic-nerve discharge was not correlated with plasma norepinephrine concentrations or plasma renin activity.","confidence":0.93,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_b55822dc8868023076ad9730b194f70a"}],"concepts":[{"public_id":"co_3347963d715c96cb7867f8fa70f12fc8","status":"active","name":"vascular resistance in the calf","description":"Resistance to blood flow in the calf circulation.","types":["physiological measurement"],"aliases":["calf vascular resistance"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous 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