{"corpus_id":207020744,"paper_sha":"ee8be6076a42777ce80f803e0ed3e91791867104","doi":"10.1109/JPROC.2010.2043031","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"mag_id":2188993289,"dblp_id":"journals/pieee/DurandFLARE10","acl_id":null,"title":"The Surface Water and Ocean Topography Mission: Observing Terrestrial Surface Water and Oceanic Submesoscale Eddies","year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-05-06","venue":"Proceedings of the IEEE","journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","pages":"766-779","volume":"98"},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":["JournalArticle"],"pubmed_pub_types":null,"s2_fields_of_study":["Computer Science","Environmental Science"],"reference_count":61,"citation_count":320,"influential_citation_count":14,"is_open_access":false,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":null,"chemicals":null,"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":1,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":null,"s2_open_access_landing_url":null,"s2_open_access_license":null,"s2_open_access_status":null,"pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"<para xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"> The elevation of the ocean surface has been measured for over two decades from spaceborne altimeters. However, existing altimeter measurements are not adequate to characterize the dynamic variations of most inland water bodies, nor of ocean eddies at scales of less than about 100 km, notwithstanding that such eddies play a key role in ocean circulation and climate change. For terrestrial hydrology, in situ and spaceborne measurements of water surface elevation form the basis for estimates of water storage change in lakes, reservoirs, and wetlands, and of river discharge. However, storage in most inland water bodies, e.g., millions of Arctic lakes, is not readily measured using existing technologies. A solution to the needs of both surface water hydrology and physical oceanography communities is the measurement of water elevations along rivers, lakes, streams, and wetlands and over the ocean surface using swath altimetry. The proposed surface water and ocean topography (SWOT) mission will make such measurements. The core technology for SWOT is the Ka-band radar interferometer (KaRIN), which would achieve spatial resolution on the order of tens of meters and centimetric vertical precision when averaged over targets of interest. Average revisit times will depend upon latitude, with two to four revisits at low to mid latitudes and up to ten revisits at high latitudes per <formula formulatype=\"inline\"><tex Notation=\"TeX\">$\\sim$</tex></formula>20-day orbit repeat period. </para>","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_4d402329683e092a36f253ce97a0f671","status":"active","text":"Average revisit times vary with latitude, with two to four revisits at low to mid latitudes and up to ten revisits at high latitudes per approximately 20-day orbit repeat period.","confidence":0.95,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_4d402329683e092a36f253ce97a0f671"},{"public_id":"cl_5a25b43294c9b647d2ead79c4fe8aaab","status":"active","text":"Swath altimetry is presented as the solution for measuring water elevations along rivers, lakes, streams, wetlands, and over the ocean surface to address the needs of both surface water hydrology and physical oceanography.","confidence":0.93,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_5a25b43294c9b647d2ead79c4fe8aaab"},{"public_id":"cl_d4e928c30cede493adeaec45e7330d22","status":"active","text":"The Ka-band radar interferometer is the core technology for the mission and is designed to achieve tens-of-meters spatial resolution and centimetric vertical precision over targets of interest.","confidence":0.98,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_d4e928c30cede493adeaec45e7330d22"},{"public_id":"cl_54392cec533736f9c21ac5042f230d03","status":"active","text":"The Surface Water and Ocean Topography mission will make these water-elevation measurements.","confidence":0.98,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_54392cec533736f9c21ac5042f230d03"}],"concepts":[{"public_id":"co_39526bf0187a7e941c93594144bb4e7c","status":"active","name":"high latitudes","description":"The latitude band where the mission is expected to provide up to ten revisits per orbit repeat cycle.","types":["geographic region"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_39526bf0187a7e941c93594144bb4e7c"},{"public_id":"co_5e6d708015bb7f0d9977116bb49642b0","status":"active","name":"centimetric vertical precision","description":"Vertical measurement precision on the order of centimeters.","types":["performance metric"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_5e6d708015bb7f0d9977116bb49642b0"},{"public_id":"co_6360dcce0547eb9c4238d652abffb45a","status":"active","name":"Surface Water and Ocean Topography mission","description":"A satellite mission designed to measure water surface elevations over inland waters and the ocean.","types":["mission"],"aliases":["SWOT mission","SWOT"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_6360dcce0547eb9c4238d652abffb45a"},{"public_id":"co_7b0814b596a99f457d3f20463491b3b1","status":"active","name":"Ka-band radar interferometer","description":"The mission's radar interferometric instrument used to map water surface elevations.","types":["instrument"],"aliases":["KaRIN"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_7b0814b596a99f457d3f20463491b3b1"},{"public_id":"co_92369e602b3d08f465ddc81d9c676a7e","status":"active","name":"physical oceanography","description":"The study of physical processes in the ocean, including circulation and mesoscale-to-submesoscale variability.","types":["field"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_92369e602b3d08f465ddc81d9c676a7e"},{"public_id":"co_9a78f934eb7bbcf6afebbba586f5f4dd","status":"active","name":"spatial resolution","description":"The smallest ground-scale detail that can be distinguished in the measurement.","types":["performance metric"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_9a78f934eb7bbcf6afebbba586f5f4dd"},{"public_id":"co_9ad4a599c852e8054384de2422751499","status":"active","name":"water surface elevation","description":"The height of a water surface relative to a reference level.","types":["measurement"],"aliases":["water elevations"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_9ad4a599c852e8054384de2422751499"},{"public_id":"co_bd2bdc1da5abdfc7f5a788ae9bc098f1","status":"active","name":"swath altimetry","description":"An altimetry approach that measures surface height across a wide ground swath rather than along a narrow track.","types":["measurement method"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_bd2bdc1da5abdfc7f5a788ae9bc098f1"},{"public_id":"co_d6407a939e8a4fd6a06ca8103c62e5b4","status":"active","name":"oceanic submesoscale eddies","description":"Ocean eddies with horizontal scales smaller than about 100 km.","types":["ocean feature"],"aliases":["submesoscale eddies"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_d6407a939e8a4fd6a06ca8103c62e5b4"},{"public_id":"co_e7befa1da149704051bddebe59cdd7c3","status":"active","name":"low to mid latitudes","description":"The latitude band where the mission is expected to provide two to four revisits per orbit repeat cycle.","types":["geographic region"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_e7befa1da149704051bddebe59cdd7c3"},{"public_id":"co_f25a78a7f81630d7e83a77cb99a35791","status":"active","name":"surface water hydrology","description":"The study of inland surface water storage and flow, including rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and wetlands.","types":["field"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_f25a78a7f81630d7e83a77cb99a35791"},{"public_id":"co_fbb2f72ff8d89db63b65e0be97f0bdd4","status":"active","name":"average revisit times","description":"The average interval between successive observations of the same location.","types":["operational characteristic"],"aliases":["revisit times"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_fbb2f72ff8d89db63b65e0be97f0bdd4"}],"external_ids":{"DOI":"10.1109/JPROC.2010.2043031","ArXiv":null,"PubMed":null,"PubMedCentral":null,"MAG":2188993289,"DBLP":"journals/pieee/DurandFLARE10","ACL":null},"open_access":{"is_open_access":false,"pdf_url":null,"landing_url":"https://sah.borca.ai/papers/207020744","source":null,"pdf_url_source":null,"license":null,"reason":"pdf_url_not_indexed"},"reference_availability":{"status":"available","references_indexed":true,"full_text_available":false,"full_text_source":null,"count_basis":"semantic_scholar_metadata","extraction_status":"not_applicable","reason":null},"source":{"provider":"episteme2","base_corpus":"semantic_scholar_dump","freshness_mode":"unknown","basis":["semantic_scholar_metadata","postgres_metadata"],"limits":["paper metadata is based on indexed upstream scholarly datasets","claims and concepts are available only for extracted papers","absence of claims or concepts means no extracted graph data is available in this response"],"status":"available","degraded":false,"degraded_reasons":[],"diagnostics":{"status":"available","degraded":false,"degraded_reasons":[],"metadata_status":"available","graph_status":"available","abstract_status":"available"},"source_flags":1},"paper_id":632085,"paper_uid":"d00a58cd-ce00-49f5-8a89-e248904ee9da","canonical_identity":{"paper_id":632085,"paper_uid":"d00a58cd-ce00-49f5-8a89-e248904ee9da","identity_status":"available","lookup_basis":"semantic_scholar_external_id","compatibility_path":"corpus_id"},"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/papers/207020744"}