{"corpus_id":210845074,"paper_sha":"5b53f33e1f57910147714b1b9526efa808a4249b","doi":"10.1038/s41598-020-57594-7","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":31969584,"pmcid":"6976678","mag_id":3002005927,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"Sea lice exposure to non-lethal levels of emamectin benzoate after treatments: a potential risk factor for drug resistance","year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-22","venue":"Scientific Reports","journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","pages":null,"volume":"10"},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":["JournalArticle"],"pubmed_pub_types":["Journal Article"],"s2_fields_of_study":["Biology","Medicine","Environmental Science"],"reference_count":40,"citation_count":14,"influential_citation_count":0,"is_open_access":true,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":[{"d":"Animals","mj":false,"ui":"D000818"},{"d":"Antiparasitic Agents","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"pharmacokinetics","mj":false,"ui":"Q000493"},{"q":"pharmacology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000494"}],"ui":"D000977"},{"d":"Canada","mj":false,"ui":"D002170"},{"d":"Colombia","mj":false,"ui":"D003105"},{"d":"Copepoda","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"drug effects","mj":true,"ui":"Q000187"}],"ui":"D033342"},{"d":"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug","mj":false,"ui":"D004305"},{"d":"Drug Resistance","mj":false,"ui":"D004351"},{"d":"Ivermectin","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"analogs & derivatives","mj":true,"ui":"Q000031"},{"q":"pharmacokinetics","mj":false,"ui":"Q000493"},{"q":"pharmacology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000494"}],"ui":"D007559"},{"d":"Risk Factors","mj":false,"ui":"D012307"},{"d":"Salmo salar","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"metabolism","mj":false,"ui":"Q000378"},{"q":"parasitology","mj":true,"ui":"Q000469"}],"ui":"D020317"},{"d":"Tissue Distribution","mj":false,"ui":"D014018"}],"chemicals":[{"n":"Antiparasitic Agents","ui":"D000977","reg":"0"},{"n":"Ivermectin","ui":"D007559","reg":"70288-86-7"},{"n":"emamectin benzoate","ui":"C108024","reg":"HVM3G4A01W"}],"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":5,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-57594-7.pdf","s2_open_access_landing_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5b53f33e1f57910147714b1b9526efa808a4249b","s2_open_access_license":"CCBY","s2_open_access_status":"GOLD","pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"The avermectin derivative emamectin benzoate (EMB) has been widely used by salmon industries around the world to control sea lice infestations. Resistance to this anti-parasitic drug is also commonly reported in these industries. The objective of this study was to quantify the number of sea lice potentially exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of EMB while fish clear the drug after treatments. We assessed juvenile sea lice abundance after 38 EMB treatments on six Atlantic salmon farms, in a small archipelago in British Colombia, Canada, between 2007 and 2018. We fitted a standard EMB pharmacokinetic curve to determine the time when fish treated with this product would have EMB tissue concentrations below the recommended target therapeutic level. During the study, we estimated that for each sea lice treatment there was, on average, an abundance of 0.12 juvenile sea lice per fish during the time period when the concentrations of EMB would have been lower than 60ppb, the recommended therapeutic treatment level for sea lice. The findings from this study on metaphylactic anti-parasitic treatments identify a potential driver for drug resistance in sea lice that should be further explored.","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_cc64247b83a6cca0d76d39436623ddbe","status":"active","text":"A standard EMB pharmacokinetic curve was fitted to determine when treated fish would have emamectin benzoate tissue concentrations below the recommended target therapeutic level.","confidence":0.95,"contributors":[{"id":136,"public_id":"3c2apqe3ut","public_label":"Anonymous (3c2apqe3ut)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/3c2apqe3ut"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale 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sea lice abundance was assessed after 38 emamectin benzoate treatments on six Atlantic salmon farms in a small archipelago in British Colombia, Canada, between 2007 and 2018.","confidence":0.98,"contributors":[{"id":136,"public_id":"3c2apqe3ut","public_label":"Anonymous (3c2apqe3ut)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/3c2apqe3ut"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":17,"public_id":"322360f1c1","public_label":"Killer Whale (322360f1c1)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/322360f1c1"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_073868897e5c0f52475b2e3ceae888c7"}],"concepts":[{"public_id":"co_07ada981effc455ca71400cf36b0b6ad","status":"active","name":"recommended target therapeutic level","description":"The 60ppb emamectin benzoate level recommended as therapeutic for sea lice 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