{"corpus_id":2131837,"paper_sha":"76f7a5a3ce7cd52f6712119d25d5f8122961b89d","doi":"10.1098/rsos.160304","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":27703696,"pmcid":"5043315","mag_id":2514624880,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"A novel MC1R allele for black coat colour reveals the Polynesian ancestry and hybridization patterns of Hawaiian feral pigs","year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-09-01","venue":"Royal Society Open Science","journal":{"name":"Royal Society Open Science","pages":null,"volume":"3"},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":["JournalArticle"],"pubmed_pub_types":["Journal Article"],"s2_fields_of_study":["Biology","Medicine","Environmental Science"],"reference_count":40,"citation_count":27,"influential_citation_count":2,"is_open_access":false,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":null,"chemicals":null,"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":5,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":null,"s2_open_access_landing_url":null,"s2_open_access_license":null,"s2_open_access_status":null,"pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"Pigs (Sus scrofa) have played an important cultural role in Hawaii since Polynesians first introduced them in approximately AD 1200. Additional varieties of pigs were introduced following Captain Cook's arrival in Hawaii in 1778 and it has been suggested that the current pig population may descend primarily, or even exclusively, from European pigs. Although populations of feral pigs today are an important source of recreational hunting on all of the major islands, they also negatively impact native plants and animals. As a result, understanding the origins of these feral pig populations has significant ramifications for discussions concerning conservation management, identity and cultural continuity on the islands. Here, we analysed a neutral mitochondrial marker and a functional nuclear coat colour marker in 57 feral Hawaiian pigs. Through the identification of a new mutation in the MC1R gene that results in black coloration, we demonstrate that Hawaiian feral pigs are mostly the descendants of those originally introduced during Polynesian settlement, though there is evidence for some admixture. As such, extant Hawaiian pigs represent a unique historical lineage that is not exclusively descended from feral pigs of European origin.","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_fb83e7816197a7ace4a21c134d1ad5ae","status":"active","text":"A new MC1R mutation associated with black coloration was identified in Hawaiian feral pigs.","confidence":0.98,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_fb83e7816197a7ace4a21c134d1ad5ae"},{"public_id":"cl_d6237d817f3a9a78b4927a9ac9874f6e","status":"active","text":"Extant Hawaiian pigs represent a unique historical lineage and are not exclusively descended from pigs of European origin.","confidence":0.95,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_d6237d817f3a9a78b4927a9ac9874f6e"},{"public_id":"cl_175af78d5c7c32bf1afee1ab8a38f852","status":"active","text":"Mitochondrial and nuclear marker analysis of 57 feral Hawaiian pigs indicates that most are descendants of pigs introduced during Polynesian settlement.","confidence":0.96,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_175af78d5c7c32bf1afee1ab8a38f852"},{"public_id":"cl_64c547f6b37ced330da1672d86bb155a","status":"active","text":"Some admixture is present in the extant Hawaiian feral pig population.","confidence":0.9,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_64c547f6b37ced330da1672d86bb155a"}],"concepts":[{"public_id":"co_04158e73231f4af7d2d2b1c0b581d036","status":"active","name":"black coloration","description":"A black coat color phenotype in pigs associated here with a specific MC1R mutation.","types":["phenotype"],"aliases":["black coat colour"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_04158e73231f4af7d2d2b1c0b581d036"},{"public_id":"co_0d996dbced79909585cc7776432f9ced","status":"active","name":"extant Hawaiian pigs","description":"The living Hawaiian pig population present today.","types":["population"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous 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(12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_24d6d16f4b63050b2e9df140af7190f5"},{"public_id":"co_5f3c505cb5990d0afbe025a513f228e1","status":"active","name":"57 feral Hawaiian pigs","description":"The sampled set of feral pigs from Hawaii analyzed in the study.","types":["sample"],"aliases":["57 pigs"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_5f3c505cb5990d0afbe025a513f228e1"},{"public_id":"co_8a9bd66c685bc2b61f46ffe9b7bc81ea","status":"active","name":"MC1R gene","description":"A nuclear gene involved in coat-color pigmentation and used here to study pig coloration.","types":["gene"],"aliases":["melanocortin 1 receptor gene","MC1R"],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_8a9bd66c685bc2b61f46ffe9b7bc81ea"},{"public_id":"co_b16364959b8aae0eea3f1e6f100b75f8","status":"active","name":"European pigs","description":"Pig populations of European origin proposed as one source of Hawaiian feral pigs.","types":["population"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_b16364959b8aae0eea3f1e6f100b75f8"},{"public_id":"co_d212b39db135b18e9e6b1dd077f16c2f","status":"active","name":"nuclear coat colour marker","description":"A functional nuclear genetic marker related to coat color and used to assess ancestry and phenotype.","types":["genetic marker"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous 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