{"corpus_id":21846518,"paper_sha":"abddc605197d76ceb4c4a0b002eadcd0abfc6370","doi":"10.1200/JCO.1997.15.2.433","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":9053463,"pmcid":null,"mag_id":1873141201,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"Donor leukocyte infusions in 140 patients with relapsed malignancy after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.","year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-02-01","venue":"Journal of Clinical Oncology","journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology","pages":"\n          433-44\n        ","volume":"15 2"},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":["JournalArticle","Review"],"pubmed_pub_types":["Journal Article","Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"],"s2_fields_of_study":["Medicine"],"reference_count":38,"citation_count":1312,"influential_citation_count":35,"is_open_access":false,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":[{"d":"Actuarial Analysis","mj":false,"ui":"D000206"},{"d":"Adolescent","mj":false,"ui":"D000293"},{"d":"Adult","mj":false,"ui":"D000328"},{"d":"Bone Marrow Transplantation","mj":false,"ui":"D016026"},{"d":"Child","mj":false,"ui":"D002648"},{"d":"Child, Preschool","mj":false,"ui":"D002675"},{"d":"Female","mj":false,"ui":"D005260"},{"d":"Graft vs Host Disease","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"immunology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000276"}],"ui":"D006086"},{"d":"Hematologic Neoplasms","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"immunology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000276"},{"q":"therapy","mj":true,"ui":"Q000628"}],"ui":"D019337"},{"d":"Humans","mj":false,"ui":"D006801"},{"d":"Infant","mj":false,"ui":"D007223"},{"d":"Leukocytes","mj":true,"ui":"D007962"},{"d":"Male","mj":false,"ui":"D008297"},{"d":"Middle Aged","mj":false,"ui":"D008875"},{"d":"Predictive Value of Tests","mj":false,"ui":"D011237"},{"d":"Recurrence","mj":false,"ui":"D012008"},{"d":"Retrospective Studies","mj":false,"ui":"D012189"},{"d":"Risk Factors","mj":false,"ui":"D012307"},{"d":"Survival Analysis","mj":false,"ui":"D016019"},{"d":"Time Factors","mj":false,"ui":"D013997"},{"d":"Tissue Donors","mj":false,"ui":"D014019"},{"d":"Transplantation, Homologous","mj":false,"ui":"D014184"},{"d":"Treatment Outcome","mj":false,"ui":"D016896"}],"chemicals":null,"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":5,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":null,"s2_open_access_landing_url":null,"s2_open_access_license":null,"s2_open_access_status":null,"pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: Recipients of allogeneic bone marrow transplants (BMTs) who have relapsed may attain complete remissions when treated with transfusions of leukocytes obtained from the original bone marrow donor. We performed a retrospective study to characterize better this new treatment modality. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We surveyed 25 North American BMT programs regarding their use of donor leukocyte infusions (DLI). Detailed forms were used to gather data regarding the original BMT, relapse, DLI, response to DLI, complications of DLI, and long-term follow-up evaluation. Reports of 140 patients were thus available for analysis. RESULTS: Complete responses were observed in 60% (95% confidence interval [CI], 51.9% to 68.1%) of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients who received DLI and did not receive pre-DLI chemotherapy; response rates were higher in patients with cytogenetic and chronic-phase relapse (75.7%; 95% CI, 68.2% to 83.2%) than in patients with accelerated-phase (33.3%; 95% CI, 19.7% to 46.9%) or blastic-phase (16.7%; 95% CI, 1.9% to 31.9%) relapse. The actuarial probability of remaining in complete remission at 2 years was 89.6%. Complete remission rates in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) (n = 39) and acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) (n = 11) patients who had not received pre-DLI chemotherapy were 15.4% (95% CI, 9.6% to 21.2%) and 18.2% (95% CI, 6.6% to 29.8%), respectively. Complete remissions were also observed in two of four assessable myeloma patients and two of five assessable myelodysplasia patients. Complications of DLI included acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) (60%; 95% CI, 51.4% to 68.6%), chronic GVHD (60.7%; 95% CI, 50.3% to 71.1%), and pancytopenia (18.6%; 95% CI, 12.2% to 25.0%). Pre-DLI characteristics predictive of complete response in CML patients were post-BMT chronic GVHD, pre-DLI disease status of chronic phase, and time interval between BMT to DLI less than 2 years. Acute and chronic GVHD post-DLI were highly correlated with disease response (P < .00001). CONCLUSION: DLI results in complete remissions in a high percentage of patients with relapsed chronic-phase CML. Complete remissions are observed less frequently in patients with advanced CML and acute leukemia. GVHD and pancytopenia occur commonly; GVHD is highly correlated with response.","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_bc50fc76927997216e00d5067470a071","status":"active","text":"Complete remission rates in acute myelogenous leukemia patients who did not receive pre-DLI chemotherapy were 15.4%, and in acute lymphocytic leukemia patients were 18.2%.","confidence":0.95,"contributors":[{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":136,"public_id":"3c2apqe3ut","public_label":"Anonymous (3c2apqe3ut)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/3c2apqe3ut"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_bc50fc76927997216e00d5067470a071"},{"public_id":"cl_e36072955cb6aae6d96c4e007c3424c5","status":"active","text":"Complications of donor leukocyte infusions included acute graft-versus-host disease in 60% of patients, chronic graft-versus-host disease in 60.7% of patients, and pancytopenia in 18.6% of patients.","confidence":0.95,"contributors":[{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":136,"public_id":"3c2apqe3ut","public_label":"Anonymous (3c2apqe3ut)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/3c2apqe3ut"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_e36072955cb6aae6d96c4e007c3424c5"},{"public_id":"cl_0c9e04c205b5ec33f478d257bafdcf5d","status":"active","text":"Donor leukocyte infusions resulted in complete remissions in 60% of chronic myelogenous leukemia patients who did not receive pre-DLI chemotherapy, with response rates of 75.7% in cytogenetic and chronic-phase relapse, 33.3% in accelerated-phase relapse, and 16.7% in blastic-phase relapse.","confidence":0.95,"contributors":[{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":136,"public_id":"3c2apqe3ut","public_label":"Anonymous (3c2apqe3ut)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/3c2apqe3ut"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_0c9e04c205b5ec33f478d257bafdcf5d"},{"public_id":"cl_3dc63b93a96bf1854664cb70f44daed8","status":"active","text":"The actuarial probability of remaining in complete remission at 2 years after donor leukocyte infusions for chronic myelogenous leukemia patients was 89.6%.","confidence":0.95,"contributors":[{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":136,"public_id":"3c2apqe3ut","public_label":"Anonymous (3c2apqe3ut)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/3c2apqe3ut"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_3dc63b93a96bf1854664cb70f44daed8"}],"concepts":[{"public_id":"co_3bebac3ac21a49b6a8bb884011eb2a5e","status":"active","name":"accelerated-phase relapse","description":"Relapse in accelerated phase of CML, associated with lower response rates.","types":["condition","phase"],"aliases":["accelerated phase relapse"],"contributors":[{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":136,"public_id":"3c2apqe3ut","public_label":"Anonymous (3c2apqe3ut)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/3c2apqe3ut"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_3bebac3ac21a49b6a8bb884011eb2a5e"},{"public_id":"co_447954804213ed0471083578955199a5","status":"active","name":"2-year actuarial probability","description":"Actuarial probability of remaining in complete remission at 2 years after DLI for CML patients.","types":["measure"],"aliases":["2-year probability"],"contributors":[{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":136,"public_id":"3c2apqe3ut","public_label":"Anonymous (3c2apqe3ut)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/3c2apqe3ut"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_447954804213ed0471083578955199a5"},{"public_id":"co_47be2bdeb3d27237c3ca82d23dee2958","status":"active","name":"acute lymphocytic leukemia","description":"A type of acute leukemia evaluated for DLI response.","types":["condition"],"aliases":["ALL"],"contributors":[{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":136,"public_id":"3c2apqe3ut","public_label":"Anonymous (3c2apqe3ut)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/3c2apqe3ut"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_47be2bdeb3d27237c3ca82d23dee2958"},{"public_id":"co_486ec8a9ff8a7b4a6ba9aedb365ec6c4","status":"active","name":"complete remission","description":"Achievement of complete response after DLI, as reported in the study.","types":["outcome"],"aliases":["CR"],"contributors":[{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":136,"public_id":"3c2apqe3ut","public_label":"Anonymous (3c2apqe3ut)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/3c2apqe3ut"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_486ec8a9ff8a7b4a6ba9aedb365ec6c4"},{"public_id":"co_645a1b109da94cfc4cff179cdb291785","status":"active","name":"chronic myelogenous leukemia","description":"A type of leukemia for which DLI was evaluated in relapsed patients.","types":["condition"],"aliases":["CML"],"contributors":[{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":136,"public_id":"3c2apqe3ut","public_label":"Anonymous (3c2apqe3ut)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/3c2apqe3ut"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_645a1b109da94cfc4cff179cdb291785"},{"public_id":"co_68809675253de8c55c193716576dcbb1","status":"active","name":"acute graft-versus-host disease","description":"Acute GVHD occurring after DLI, reported in 60% of patients.","types":["complication"],"aliases":["acute GVHD"],"contributors":[{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":136,"public_id":"3c2apqe3ut","public_label":"Anonymous (3c2apqe3ut)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/3c2apqe3ut"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_68809675253de8c55c193716576dcbb1"},{"public_id":"co_7858716229b016fcca36b25e140019b1","status":"active","name":"acute myelogenous leukemia","description":"A type of acute leukemia evaluated for DLI response.","types":["condition"],"aliases":["AML"],"contributors":[{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":136,"public_id":"3c2apqe3ut","public_label":"Anonymous (3c2apqe3ut)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/3c2apqe3ut"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_7858716229b016fcca36b25e140019b1"},{"public_id":"co_7901063fac8385be2a8e59cb38738bdf","status":"active","name":"blastic-phase relapse","description":"Relapse in blastic phase of CML, associated with lower response rates.","types":["condition","phase"],"aliases":["blastic phase relapse"],"contributors":[{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":136,"public_id":"3c2apqe3ut","public_label":"Anonymous (3c2apqe3ut)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/3c2apqe3ut"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_7901063fac8385be2a8e59cb38738bdf"},{"public_id":"co_9a0b4ab34af99c2358255592d3707576","status":"active","name":"chronic-phase relapse","description":"Relapse in chronic phase of CML, associated with higher response rates to DLI.","types":["condition","phase"],"aliases":["chronic phase relapse"],"contributors":[{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":136,"public_id":"3c2apqe3ut","public_label":"Anonymous (3c2apqe3ut)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/3c2apqe3ut"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_9a0b4ab34af99c2358255592d3707576"},{"public_id":"co_b460157f7c8d4c5fdf2d42338ad47b7d","status":"active","name":"pancytopenia","description":"Low blood cell counts after DLI, reported in 18.6% of patients.","types":["complication"],"aliases":[],"contributors":[{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":136,"public_id":"3c2apqe3ut","public_label":"Anonymous (3c2apqe3ut)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/3c2apqe3ut"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_b460157f7c8d4c5fdf2d42338ad47b7d"},{"public_id":"co_bdc89fea184b433bc627e71b4324df20","status":"active","name":"chronic graft-versus-host disease","description":"Chronic GVHD occurring after DLI, reported in 60.7% of patients.","types":["complication"],"aliases":["chronic GVHD"],"contributors":[{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":136,"public_id":"3c2apqe3ut","public_label":"Anonymous (3c2apqe3ut)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/3c2apqe3ut"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_bdc89fea184b433bc627e71b4324df20"},{"public_id":"co_f75e2327123bbc63705ec0d9429939da","status":"active","name":"donor leukocyte infusions","description":"Transfusion of leukocytes from the original bone marrow donor to treat relapse after allogeneic BMT.","types":["treatment"],"aliases":["DLI"],"contributors":[{"id":1165,"public_id":"ezd9qvkvax","public_label":"The Reverser‮ (ezd9qvkvax)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/ezd9qvkvax"},{"id":2,"public_id":"4715169a40","public_label":"AK (4715169a40)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/4715169a40"},{"id":136,"public_id":"3c2apqe3ut","public_label":"Anonymous (3c2apqe3ut)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/3c2apqe3ut"},{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["review"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/concepts/co_f75e2327123bbc63705ec0d9429939da"}],"external_ids":{"DOI":"10.1200/JCO.1997.15.2.433","ArXiv":null,"PubMed":9053463,"PubMedCentral":null,"MAG":1873141201,"DBLP":null,"ACL":null},"open_access":{"is_open_access":false,"pdf_url":null,"landing_url":"https://sah.borca.ai/papers/21846518","source":null,"pdf_url_source":null,"license":null,"reason":"pdf_url_not_indexed"},"reference_availability":{"status":"available","references_indexed":true,"full_text_available":false,"full_text_source":null,"count_basis":"semantic_scholar_metadata","extraction_status":"not_applicable","reason":null},"source":{"provider":"episteme2","base_corpus":"semantic_scholar_dump","freshness_mode":"unknown","basis":["semantic_scholar_metadata","postgres_metadata"],"limits":["paper metadata is based on indexed upstream scholarly datasets","claims and concepts are available only for extracted papers","absence of claims or concepts means no extracted graph data is available in this response"],"status":"available","degraded":false,"degraded_reasons":[],"diagnostics":{"status":"available","degraded":false,"degraded_reasons":[],"metadata_status":"available","graph_status":"available","abstract_status":"available"},"source_flags":5},"paper_id":631096,"paper_uid":"dc2e8c9a-051e-44cc-be47-33a9bfb95595","canonical_identity":{"paper_id":631096,"paper_uid":"dc2e8c9a-051e-44cc-be47-33a9bfb95595","identity_status":"available","lookup_basis":"semantic_scholar_external_id","compatibility_path":"corpus_id"},"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/papers/21846518"}