{"corpus_id":2296549,"paper_sha":"7d1f979e999aaa72939b8e2eff830e654d99a615","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0035105","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":22558119,"pmcid":"3338747","mag_id":2072920950,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"Global Diversity of Sponges (Porifera)","year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-04-27","venue":"PLoS ONE","journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","pages":null,"volume":"7"},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":["Review","JournalArticle"],"pubmed_pub_types":["Journal Article","Review"],"s2_fields_of_study":["Biology","Medicine","Environmental Science"],"reference_count":203,"citation_count":601,"influential_citation_count":27,"is_open_access":true,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":[{"d":"Animals","mj":false,"ui":"D000818"},{"d":"Biodiversity","mj":true,"ui":"D044822"},{"d":"Databases, Factual","mj":false,"ui":"D016208"},{"d":"Demography","mj":true,"ui":"D003710"},{"d":"Oceans and Seas","mj":false,"ui":"D009792"},{"d":"Porifera","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"classification","mj":true,"ui":"Q000145"},{"q":"genetics","mj":true,"ui":"Q000235"},{"q":"physiology","mj":true,"ui":"Q000502"}],"ui":"D011161"},{"d":"Species Specificity","mj":false,"ui":"D013045"}],"chemicals":null,"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":5,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0035105&type=printable","s2_open_access_landing_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7d1f979e999aaa72939b8e2eff830e654d99a615","s2_open_access_license":"CCBY","s2_open_access_status":"GOLD","pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"With the completion of a single unified classification, the Systema Porifera (SP) and subsequent development of an online species database, the World Porifera Database (WPD), we are now equipped to provide a first comprehensive picture of the global biodiversity of the Porifera. An introductory overview of the four classes of the Porifera is followed by a description of the structure of our main source of data for this paper, the WPD. From this we extracted numbers of all ‘known’ sponges to date: the number of valid Recent sponges is established at 8,553, with the vast majority, 83%, belonging to the class Demospongiae. We also mapped for the first time the species richness of a comprehensive set of marine ecoregions of the world, data also extracted from the WPD. Perhaps not surprisingly, these distributions appear to show a strong bias towards collection and taxonomy efforts. Only when species richness is accumulated into large marine realms does a pattern emerge that is also recognized in many other marine animal groups: high numbers in tropical regions, lesser numbers in the colder parts of the world oceans. Preliminary similarity analysis of a matrix of species and marine ecoregions extracted from the WPD failed to yield a consistent hierarchical pattern of ecoregions into marine provinces. Global sponge diversity information is mostly generated in regional projects and resources: results obtained demonstrate that regional approaches to analytical biogeography are at present more likely to achieve insights into the biogeographic history of sponges than a global perspective, which appears currently too ambitious. We also review information on invasive sponges that might well have some influence on distribution patterns of the future.","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_8b71478513479f044230fe87ff1cac5f","status":"active","text":"Preliminary similarity analysis of species and marine ecoregions did not produce a consistent hierarchical pattern of ecoregions into marine provinces.","confidence":0.92,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_8b71478513479f044230fe87ff1cac5f"},{"public_id":"cl_d8ae3fb352c483d9c6d05e38c0021e7c","status":"active","text":"Regional approaches to analytical biogeography are currently more likely than a global perspective to yield insights into the biogeographic history of sponges.","confidence":0.86,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous 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