{"corpus_id":23233302,"paper_sha":"4c780cd40ff940bcf95c670703438c6edaa5a431","doi":"10.1093/TOXSCI/KFJ110","arxiv_id":null,"pmid":16428261,"pmcid":null,"mag_id":2160267925,"dblp_id":null,"acl_id":null,"title":"Risks for heart disease and lung cancer from passive smoking by workers in the catering industry.","year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-04-01","venue":"Toxicological Sciences","journal":{"name":"Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology","pages":"\n          539-48\n        ","volume":"90 2"},"journal_issn":null,"journal_title":null,"publication_types":["JournalArticle"],"pubmed_pub_types":["Journal Article","Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"],"s2_fields_of_study":["Medicine","Environmental Science"],"reference_count":81,"citation_count":27,"influential_citation_count":1,"is_open_access":true,"arxiv_categories":null,"arxiv_license":null,"arxiv_journal_ref":null,"mesh_headings":[{"d":"Air Pollutants, Occupational","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"toxicity","mj":false,"ui":"Q000633"}],"ui":"D000395"},{"d":"Air Pollution, Indoor","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"adverse effects","mj":false,"ui":"Q000009"}],"ui":"D016902"},{"d":"Biomarkers","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"urine","mj":false,"ui":"Q000652"}],"ui":"D015415"},{"d":"Carbon Monoxide","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"metabolism","mj":false,"ui":"Q000378"}],"ui":"D002248"},{"d":"Cotinine","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"urine","mj":false,"ui":"Q000652"}],"ui":"D003367"},{"d":"Environmental Monitoring","mj":false,"ui":"D004784"},{"d":"Epidemiological Monitoring","mj":false,"ui":"D062665"},{"d":"Female","mj":false,"ui":"D005260"},{"d":"Heart Diseases","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"epidemiology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000453"},{"q":"etiology","mj":true,"ui":"Q000209"}],"ui":"D006331"},{"d":"Hong Kong","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"epidemiology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000453"}],"ui":"D006723"},{"d":"Humans","mj":false,"ui":"D006801"},{"d":"Lung Neoplasms","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"epidemiology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000453"},{"q":"etiology","mj":true,"ui":"Q000209"}],"ui":"D008175"},{"d":"Male","mj":false,"ui":"D008297"},{"d":"Models, Biological","mj":false,"ui":"D008954"},{"d":"Occupational Diseases","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"epidemiology","mj":false,"ui":"Q000453"},{"q":"etiology","mj":true,"ui":"Q000209"}],"ui":"D009784"},{"d":"Occupational Exposure","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"adverse effects","mj":false,"ui":"Q000009"}],"ui":"D016273"},{"d":"Restaurants","mj":true,"ui":"D012147"},{"d":"Risk Assessment","mj":false,"ui":"D018570"},{"d":"Tobacco Smoke Pollution","mj":false,"qs":[{"q":"adverse effects","mj":true,"ui":"Q000009"}],"ui":"D014028"}],"chemicals":[{"n":"Air Pollutants, Occupational","ui":"D000395","reg":"0"},{"n":"Biomarkers","ui":"D015415","reg":"0"},{"n":"Tobacco Smoke Pollution","ui":"D014028","reg":"0"},{"n":"Carbon Monoxide","ui":"D002248","reg":"7U1EE4V452"},{"n":"Cotinine","ui":"D003367","reg":"K5161X06LL"}],"comments_corrections":null,"source_flags":5,"s2_open_access_pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/toxsci/article-pdf/90/2/539/11006303/kfj110.pdf","s2_open_access_landing_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4c780cd40ff940bcf95c670703438c6edaa5a431","s2_open_access_license":null,"s2_open_access_status":"BRONZE","pmc_open_access_pdf_url":null,"pmc_open_access_landing_url":null,"pmc_open_access_license":null,"pmc_open_access_status":null,"unpaywall_open_access_pdf_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_landing_url":null,"unpaywall_open_access_license":null,"unpaywall_open_access_status":null,"abstract":"Workers in the catering industry are at greater risk of exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) when smoke-free workplace policies are not in force. We determined the exposure of catering workers to SHS in Hong Kong and their risk of death from heart disease and lung cancer. Nonsmoking catering workers were provided with screening at their workplaces and at a central clinic. Participants reported workplace, home, and leisure time exposure to SHS. Urinary cotinine was estimated by enzyme immunoassay. Catering facilities were classified into three types: nonsmoking, partially restricted smoking (with nonsmoking areas), and unrestricted smoking. Mean urinary cotinine levels ranged from 3.3 ng/ml in a control group of 16 university staff through 6.4 ng/ml (nonsmoking), 6.1 ng/ml (partially restricted), and 15.9 ng/ml (unrestricted smoking) in 104 workers who had no exposures outside of work. Workers in nonsmoking facilities had exposures to other smoking staff. We modeled workers' mortality risks using average cotinine levels, estimates of workplace respirable particulates, risk data for cancer and heart disease from cohort studies, and national (US) and regional (Hong Kong) mortality for heart disease and lung cancer. We estimated that deaths in the Hong Kong catering workforce of 200,000 occur at the rate of 150 per year for a 40-year working-lifetime exposure to SHS. When compared with the current outdoor air quality standards for particulates in Hong Kong, 30% of workers exceeded the 24-h and 98% exceeded the annual air quality objectives due to workplace SHS exposures.","claims":[{"public_id":"cl_c32181d1617e16635395b4af8e77d662","status":"active","text":"Modeled lifetime exposure to secondhand smoke in the Hong Kong catering workforce was estimated to cause about 150 deaths per year among 200,000 workers.","confidence":0.93,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_c32181d1617e16635395b4af8e77d662"},{"public_id":"cl_ee0d3f5adeb6ea3ec02fc3a706900425","status":"active","text":"Nonsmoking catering workers in Hong Kong experienced measurable secondhand smoke exposure even in nonsmoking facilities, as shown by urinary cotinine levels above the control group.","confidence":0.95,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_ee0d3f5adeb6ea3ec02fc3a706900425"},{"public_id":"cl_2e647ed5ae4e1aa28f2ce12d327754f8","status":"active","text":"Urinary cotinine levels were highest in workers from unrestricted-smoking facilities, intermediate in partially restricted-smoking facilities, and still elevated in nonsmoking facilities.","confidence":0.96,"contributors":[{"id":1,"public_id":"12632b8b5f","public_label":"Anonymous (12632b8b5f)","roles":["extraction"],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/u/12632b8b5f"}],"url":"https://sah.borca.ai/claims/cl_2e647ed5ae4e1aa28f2ce12d327754f8"},{"public_id":"cl_82d8c330394418896b7c5b96e561f233","status":"active","text":"Workers in nonsmoking facilities had exposures attributable to other smoking 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